Compendium of Standards, Good Practices and Recommendations Different Approaches 298 Role of commanders 298 Improper and unlawful orders 299 Duty to comply with orders 302 Good Practices and Recommendations 308 Further reading 308 Chapter 18: Discipline and Military Justice Introduction: Issues at Stake 309 309 International Human Rights Standards 313 Different Approaches 319 The relationship between criminal offences and military discipline 319 The type of court dealing with criminal offences in the military 320 Prosecution and defence lawyers 323 Appeals from military courts 324 Good Practices and Recommendations 325 Further reading 326 Chapter 19: Ombuds Institutions for the Armed Forces 327 Introduction: Issues at Stake 327 International Human Rights Standards 328 Different Approaches 330 Types of ombuds institutions for the armed forces 330 Independence 335 Complaints 337 Complaints as an indication of trust and support 340 Investigations 341 Access to (classified) information 343 Inspections and outreach 346 Ombuds reporting and recommendations 347 Good Practices and Recommendations 350 Further reading 351 13