CAT/C/LBN/CO/1 The competent authorities should take action against judges who fail to respond appropriately to allegations of torture raised during judicial proceedings. Furthermore, the State party should ensure that officials who extract confessions through torture are immediately brought to justice. Military jurisdiction 34. The Committee is concerned that the State party’s military court system still enjoys jurisdiction to examine criminal cases involving civilians, including children (art. 2 (1)). 35. The State party should without further delay prohibit military courts from exercising jurisdiction over civilians, especially children. Universal jurisdiction 36. While noting that the Lebanese Criminal Code provides for universal jurisdiction in cases of torture, the Committee is concerned at the lack of information provided on how the State party has exercised its jurisdiction over the offences and in the cases referred to in articles 4 and 5 of the Convention (art. 5). 37. The State party should take all necessary steps to effectively exercise universal jurisdiction over persons allegedly responsible for acts of torture, including foreign perpetrators who are temporarily present in Lebanon. Training 38. The Committee acknowledges the efforts made by the State party to develop and implement training programmes in human rights, including modules on the provisions of the Convention, for judges, Internal Security Forces judicial police officers and other law enforcement agencies. It also takes note of the information furnished by the State party on the training provided to forensic doctors on how to detect and document physical and psychological sequelae of torture and ill-treatment. However, the Committee is concerned at the lack of information on the evaluation of the impact of those programmes (art. 10). 39. Recalling its previous recommendation under the inquiry procedure (see A/69/44, annex XIII, para. 38 (u)), the State party should: (a) Further develop mandatory in-service training programmes to ensure that all public officials, particularly Internal Security Forces members and military personnel, are well acquainted with the provisions of the Convention and are fully aware that violations will not be tolerated and will be investigated, and that those responsible will be prosecuted and, on conviction, appropriately sanctioned; (b) Develop training programmes on non-coercive investigatory techniques; (c) Ensure that all relevant staff, including medical personnel, receive specific training in identifying and documenting cases of torture and ill-treatment, in accordance with the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the Istanbul Protocol); (d) Develop and apply a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of educational and training programmes relating to the Convention. Impunity for acts of torture and ill-treatment 40. The Committee is concerned at reports indicating that complaints of torture and illtreatment are rarely investigated, which creates a climate of impunity. In view of those reports, the Committee is concerned by the fact that the State party has not furnished specific information on the number of complaints of torture or ill-treatment or on the corresponding investigations and prosecutions during the reporting period. The Committee has not received any information about the sentences and criminal or disciplinary sanctions imposed on offenders, or an indication of whether the alleged perpetrators of those acts have been removed from public service pending the outcome of the investigation of the complaint (arts. 2, 12-13 and 16). 7