would be appropriate to systematically create living areas of this kind. These meetings constitute a working tool for the educational team, which can have a sufficiently long period of time at its disposal to conduct sustained actions with young people and their families. Catering for families in this manner is also perceived by the young people as a break in the supervision imposed by the young offenders’ institution, which is based on collective life from dawn till dusk. In hospital, the necessity of confining the patient for a certain period needs to be reconciled with that of maintaining the latter’s contacts with the outside and preparing for their discharge. It is necessary to make several places available, within the hospital, for meetings between patients and their friends and family. When there is only one reception room, it is indeed possible for several families to be inside it at the same time; the level of noise is often high, peace and privacy are not respected. Conversely, in one hospital visited by the inspectors, two reception rooms had been created, of which one was reserved for families with children, “more intimate and convivial”. The visiting rooms should be accessible from outside, without going through the unit. Thus, in one hospital inspected, in order to reach the entrance door to the closed unit it was necessary to go through a security entrance, which was used as a waiting room. In this security entrance, a staircase enabled visitors to have direct access to the first floor, which was reserved for families. “As in an intensive care ward, why should it be any different?” it was pointed out to the inspectors. For hospitals that possess green areas, it would be appropriate to make provision for picnicking facilities and play facilities for the children of patients who are mothers and fathers, who would thus be able to welcome their children under pleasant conditions and engage in activities with them. This conviviality is likely to encourage willingness to accept treatment and proper progress of the course of hospitalisation. A system of hotel rooms for visitors needs to be thought up. Spouses/family members sometimes travel long distances in order to reach the hospital, they work and are not always able to take days of leave or reduction in the number of their working hours. These rooms should be made available in hospitals, already equipped with a necessary and sufficient hotel system, which would enable families to spend time with patients in the evening. Indeed, between 5 p.m. and 9 o’clock the following morning, there are no medical or psychological consultations for patients and, generally speaking, neither are there any visits, since the latter finish at the end of the day. Hospitals need to provide areas suitable for external actors such as associations involved in cultural, leisure and sports activities etc., which would make it possible to offer patients leisure activities other than salt dough, petanque and belote [card game], without any need for additional staff or for training the latter in activities. Patients justifiably complain of boredom. Hospitals and collective areas therefore need to be arranged in order to actively encourage cultural associations to come. In order for psychiatric hospitals to no longer remain on the fringes of civil society, an institutionalised place needs to be given to families, associations and other actors by means of suitable premises. 2.2 Architecture in Support of Personal Autonomy The objective of the enforcement of any sentence is aimed at the social reintegration of the person deprived of liberty, which presupposes an environment protecting their autonomy or enabling them to recover it. Access to autonomy constitutes an essential issue in psychiatric hospitals, in particular for patients suffering from chronic 143