is a reflection of the seriousness of the crimes involved, but other factors may also explain this
difference.
However, the most notable differences concern the number of placements
in police custody in each gendarmerie, as compared with placement
decisions in police stations.
In the latter, police custody needs to be considered on the basis of the number of
placements per day. In gendarmeries, it has to be counted on a monthly basis. The cases noted in
the four gendarmeries analysed ranged between 1.1 and 4.4 placements in police custody per
month. Admittedly, there are some gendarmeries in which the numbers of cases of police
custody are considerably higher, in particular in the peri-urban zones of large urban centres.
However, police custody is, generally speaking, a relatively rare event for gendarmes and a much
more routine occurrence for the police. It is easier, for the former, to adapt the service to the
character of the person placed in police custody rather than the inverse, as is done in police
stations: taking the person into the yard for a smoke, allowing them to eat their meals outside of
the secure room etc. It is striking, for example, how rare it is to find gendarmeries that possess
means of restraint for agitated persons (hitting themselves against the walls etc.); most police
stations, on the contrary, are equipped with crash helmets, and even means of physical restraint,
for this purpose. In gendarmeries issues of this kind are resolved through dialogue, or otherwise
by means of medicalization.
These small numbers explain why gendarmeries do not experience
congestion of their secure rooms, allocated without distinction to offenders
and persons in a state of drunkenness, without any premises reserved for
minors or women, for example.
There is never more than one person per “room”, which means that there is no shortage
of equipment (a bed board and a blanket in each secure room): for example there are no cases of
persons sleeping on the ground due to lack of space in shared cells. And in case of exceptionally
large numbers, any extraneous persons are sent to neighbouring gendarmeries. The low rate of
frequency also probably explains why the registers are in general much more efficiently kept by
the gendarmes than by police officers, who are moreover divided into several different
departments.
These low numbers have their own consequences: inspectors have found “tubs” of food
whose use-by date had expired. Although it is true that similar discoveries have been made in
police stations51.
The cleaning of blankets – in spite of much lower costs – does not appear
to be much better organised in the gendarmeries. In one of those examined
here, no provision was made for cleaning.
The two purposes (sobering up and police custody) for which secure rooms are used
explains why each of them contains a toilet, which avoids difficulties concerning access to
bathroom facilities. Cleanliness is usual and bears no comparison with the generally dirty state of
most police cells: “secure rooms” are much more infrequently used; the soldiers keep closer
watch; persons in police custody in gendarmeries are more often allowed out of their cell (see
below); finally, even when cleaning is entrusted to a private company, cleaning of the secure
rooms is incumbent upon the gendarmes (the occupants are apparently sometimes asked to put
the premises back into proper order before their departure). This cleaning is regular although it is
regrettable that, in two cases out of four, it is carried out according to a schedule, and not after
each occupation.
51
Annual Report of the CGLPL for 2011, p. 58.
48
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