Activities during the period 1 January to 31 December 2016 Visits 1. The CPT organised 19 visits totalling 170 days during the year 2016. Ten of the visits (totalling 117 days) formed part of the CPT’s annual programme of periodic visits for 2016 and nine (53 days) were ad hoc visits which the Committee considered were required in the circumstances. Details of all these visits (dates and places of deprivation of liberty visited) are provided in Appendix 7. Periodic visits 2. Periodic visits were carried out to Azerbaijan, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Portugal, the Russian Federation, Spain and the United Kingdom. The main objective of the visits was to review the measures taken by the relevant authorities to implement recommendations made by the Committee after previous visits to the countries concerned. To this end, the CPT examined the treatment and conditions of detention of persons held in police establishments and prisons. Particular attention was paid to specific categories, for instance, life-sentenced prisoners (Azerbaijan, Latvia, the Russian Federation); prisoners held in closed/highsecurity units (Italy, Spain); disciplinary segregation (Portugal) and female prisoners (Azerbaijan). The use of mechanical restraints in prisons was also examined (Spain). Visiting delegations also continued to pay particular attention to the treatment and conditions of juveniles (notably in Latvia, Portugal, the Russian Federation and Spain) and foreign nationals detained under aliens legislation (United Kingdom). Moreover, in many of the countries visited (Azerbaijan, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Portugal, the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom), delegations visited civil and/or forensic psychiatric establishments in order to examine the treatment and legal safeguards offered to patients admitted on an involuntary basis. ► Page 7