Kosovo/Kosova As Seen, As Told The analytical methodology and reporting strategy applied by the OSCE/ODIHR, as described in more detail in the Introduction, is driven entirely by the data collection of the OSCE-KVM. Consistent with this methodology, the report does not therefore address itself to human rights violations that were beyond the reach of the OSCE-KVM's investigation and reporting efforts. Similarly, the report does not address itself to events that have occurred after the end of the mandate of the OSCE-KVM, except to the extent of incorporating specific information about investigative follow-up to the primary data of the OSCE-KVM. There are clearly other human rights reports to be written on Kosovo, and on Yugoslavia, covering the same period as is covered here, and beyond. Violations, their impact on Kosovo society, and the human rights map of Kosovo The OSCE-KVM's findings are presented by the OSCE/ODIHR from three perspectives. Approaching this data from any of these perspectives, the analysis reveals clear patterns and strategies of human rights violations. The first perspective is an analysis of the nature of the human rights and humanitarian law violations that were committed in Kosovo. This reveals that: ● ● ● ● Summary and arbitrary killing of civilian non-combatants occurred at the hands of both parties to the conflict in the period up to 20 March. On the part of the Yugoslav and Serbian forces, their intent to apply mass killing as an instrument of terror, coercion or punishment against Kosovo Albanians was already in evidence in 1998, and was shockingly demonstrated by incidents in January 1999 (including the Racak mass killing) and beyond. Arbitrary killing of civilians was both a tactic in the campaign to expel Kosovo Albanians, and an objective in itself. Arbitrary arrest and detention, and the violation of the right to a fair trial, became increasingly the tools of the law enforcement agencies in the suppression of Kosovo Albanian civil and political rights, and - accompanied by torture and ill-treatment - were applied as a means to intimidate the entire Kosovo Albanian society. Rape and other forms of sexual violence were applied sometimes as a weapon of war. Forced expulsion carried out by Yugoslav and Serbian forces took place on a massive scale, with evident strategic planning and in clear violation of the laws and customs of war. It was often accompanied by deliberate destruction of property, and looting. Opportunities for extortion of money were a prime motivator for Yugoslav and Serbian perpetrators of human rights and humanitarian law violations. The second perspective is to look at the specific and different ways in which communities and groups in http://www.osce.org/kosovo/documents/reports/hr/part1/p0exesum.htm (2 of 5)12/5/2003 11:48:00 AM