Central National Preventive Mechanism OPCAT envisions a system of regular visits to all places of detention.43 The designation of a central mechanism aims to ensure there is coordination and consistency among multiple National Preventive Mechanisms so they operate as a cohesive system. Central coordination can also help to ensure any gaps in coverage are identified and that the monitoring system operates effectively across all places of detention. The functions of the Central National Preventive Mechanism are set out in section 32 of the Crimes of Torture Act, and are to coordinate the activities of the National Preventive Mechanisms and maintain effective liaison with the SPT. In carrying out these functions, the Central National Preventive Mechanism is to: • consult and liaise with National Preventive Mechanisms • review their reports and advise of any systemic issues • coordinate the submission of reports to the SPT • in consultation with National Preventive Mechanisms, make recommendations on any matters concerning the prevention of torture and ill-treatment in places of detention. Monitoring process While OPCAT sets out the requirements, functions and powers of National Preventive Mechanisms, it does not prescribe in detail how preventive monitoring is to be carried out. New Zealand’s National Preventive Mechanisms have developed procedures applicable to each detention context. 2 The visit itself, during which the National Preventive Mechanism monitoring team speaks with management and staff, inspects the institution’s facilities and documentation, and speaks with people who are detained 3 Upon completion of the visit, discussions with the relevant staff, summarising the National Preventive Mechanism’s findings and providing an opportunity for an initial response 4 A report to the relevant authorities of the National Preventive Mechanism’s findings and recommendations, which forms the basis of ongoing dialogue to address identified issues. The assessments undertaken by the National Preventive Mechanisms take relevant international human rights standards into account and, and involve looking at the following six domains: 1 Treatment: any allegations of torture or illtreatment; the use of isolation, force and restraint 2 Protection measures: registers, provision of information, complaint and inspection procedures, disciplinary procedures 3 Material conditions: accommodation, lighting and ventilation, personal hygiene, sanitary facilities, clothing and bedding, food 4 Activities and access to others: contact with family and the outside world, outdoor exercise, education, leisure activities, religion 5 Health services: access to medical and disability care 6 Staff: conduct and training. The general approach to preventive visits, based on international guidelines, involves: 1 Preparatory work, including the collection of information and identification of specific objectives, before a visit takes place 32 Human Rights Commission