142 Trial Monitoring: A Reference Manual for Practitioners not be regulated by domestic laws, possibly due to their novelty, but which can lead to the exploitation of persons in vulnerable positions.219 Monitors of civil and administrative proceedings need to develop co-operative relationships with different stakeholders than those in criminal proceedings. Given that these civil and administrative proceedings frequently involve the services of numerous governmental agencies, monitors may also need to assess the effectiveness and professionalism of those bodies if they impact upon the functioning of the courts or the broader justice system. Thematic programmes monitoring civil and administrative proceedings may also face special challenges of sustainability when the time comes to close the programme. Civil society may not always be as developed or energetic in following civil and administrative law cases as in criminal ones. Managers of thematic programmes in these fields must, therefore, pay extra attention to advocacy and to raising public awareness of their programmes and the substantive problems they confront, in order to encourage civil society and the media to become more involved.220 219  Examples of these can be civil and same-sex unions in family law or for hereditary rights, adoption or fostering of minors, movement of persons in and out of the country, the exploitation of human stem cells for financial profit, and practices relating to artificial insemination. 220  Chapter 14 provides further information and strategies on sustainability when closing a programme.