Launched Kinetic Impact Projectiles 4.2 AMMUNITION WITH EXCESSIVE ENERGY Key Technical Features Ammunition that impacts with excessive energy. This category includes rubber-coated metal bullets. Human Rights Concerns Ammunition that impacts with excessive energy can cause significant injury, including bruising from the blunt impact trauma. This ammunition can cause bleeding and serious injury, including blunt impact trauma and injuries to internal organs. Impact to the head and other vulnerable areas increases the risk of serious injury or death. Statements and Standards from Human Rights Bodies UNODC and OHCHR: highlights particular risks with the use of rubbercoated metal bullets, stating: "studies have shown that rubber coated metal bullets can lead to death and disability.” 95 OHCHR: “Rubber-coated metal bullets are particularly dangerous and should not be used.” 96 Examples of Existing Controls Some national export control regimes include this type of ammunition on their list of equipment that requires an export licence. Proposed Control Manufacture should be prohibited. Transfer should be prohibited. Use should be prohibited. 95 UNODC and OHCHR, Resource book on the use of force and firearms in law enforcement, 2017, p. 94. 96 OHCHR, UN Human Rights Guidance on Less-Lethal Weapons in Law Enforcement, 2020, para. 7.5.8. 79