Launched Kinetic Impact Projectiles 4.3 AMMUNITION WITH MULTIPLE PROJECTILES SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR CROWD CONTROL Key Technical Features The multiple projectiles contained in the ammunition are often rubber balls or wooden blocks. This kind of ammunition can be fired from different types of launcher or can be hand-thrown. Calibres include 12 gauge (shotgun ammunition), 37/38 mm, 40 mm, and 56 mm. Ammunition containing multiple projectiles are inaccurate, indiscriminate, arbitrary, and cannot be used safely. Human Rights Concerns Projectiles that are too inaccurate can accidentally hit target individuals in vulnerable parts of the body, such as the head, and cause serious injury. Inaccurate projectiles may hit and injure bystanders. Statements and Standards from Human Rights Bodies OHCHR: “Multiple projectiles fired at the same time are inaccurate and, in general, their use cannot comply with the principles of necessity and proportionality”. 97 UNODC and OHCHR: “Weapons that fire multiple projectiles at the same time … should never be used due to the risk of injury to bystanders." 98 Some national export control regimes include this type of ammunition on their list of equipment that requires an export licence. Examples of Existing Controls As some countries class this ammunition as 'civilian' or 'policing' rather than 'military', they are not always adequately controlled and reported. The EU may prohibit the export of this ammunition under its sanction regime when the objective of the sanctions is to prevent the export of weapons that might be used for internal repression in the destination state. Manufacture should be prohibited. Proposed Control Transfer should be prohibited. Use should be prohibited. 97 OHCHR, UN Human Rights Guidance on less-lethal weapons in law enforcement, 2020, para. 7.5.6. 98 UNODC and OHCHR, Resource book on the use of force and firearms in law enforcement, 2017, p. 94. 81