Restraints 1.7 WEIGHTED LEG CUFFS Key Technical Features Two metal cuffs, usually larger than those of ordinary handcuffs, attached by a heavy chain to allow the detainee some movement. The cuffs are usually non-adjustable. Models can weigh up to 8 kg (approx. 17.5 lbs.), and they may have additional weights added (for example, on the chain link). The use of weighted leg cuffs constitutes a prima facie violation of the prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment. Their use fulfils no legitimate law enforcement purpose that cannot be achieved through less harmful means. Human Rights Concerns These cuffs are heavier than is necessary to adequately restrain an individual, and wearing them is inherently degrading. The weight significantly restricts movement whilst increasing the risk of ankle injury. Prolonged use of these cuffs can lead to lacerations, which can also lead to blood poisoning and other long-term physical impairments. Statements and Standards from Human Rights Bodies Special Rapporteur on Torture on his 2005 mission to China: the use of weighted leg cuffs on prisoners on death row "is inhuman and degrading and serves only as an additional form of punishment". 45 UNODC and OHCHR: “There should be an absolute prohibition on weighted restraints”. 46 Nelson Mandela Rules: “The use of ... instruments of restraint which are inherently degrading or painful shall be prohibited.” 47 Examples of Existing Controls The EU Anti-Torture Regulation prohibits the trade in this equipment. The US CCL controls the export of this equipment. Manufacture should be prohibited. Proposed Control Transfer should be prohibited. Use should be prohibited. UN Commission on Human Rights, Report on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: Mission to China, 10 March 2006, E/CN.4/2006/6/Add.6, para 68. 45 46 UNODC and OHCHR, Resource book on the use of force and firearms in law enforcement, 2017, p. 84. 47 Nelson Mandela Rules, 2016, Rule 47. 23