2.3 Educational institutions for children and adolescents with special needs (residential treatment institutions and youth homes) under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport (MIZŠ) receive children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders. The legal basis for placing children and adolescents in residential treatment institutions includes court decisions as per the act governing family relations (or partly decisions of social work centres issued on the basis of the Marriage and Family Relations Act), or court decisions on imposing the correctional measure of committing to a residential treatment institution as per the act governing juvenile criminal offenders. In 2019, the NPM visited four residential treatment institutions or youth homes and several residential groups operating within these institutions, i.e. on 5 June 2019, we visited Jarše Youth Home, Planina Residential Treatment Institution on 10 June 2019, Malči Belič Youth Care Centre on 12 June 2019, and Logatec Education and Training Institution on 17 June 2019. All visits were unannounced. As we frequently determined during our past visits that institutions implementing educational programmes for children and adolescents impose various rules of conduct and procedures regarding correctional measures when these rules are violated, we decided to conduct thematic visits in 2019 and pay special attention to the regulation of the rules of conduct and verify the measures taken upon their violation. The aim was to ascertain in more detail whether individual institutions have adopted internal acts to regulate the rules and measures in case of violations, how the procedures are carried out when violations have taken place, how children and adolescents are informed about these rules and measures, and also which violations occur most frequently and how the institutions actually deal with them. It was established that the rules of conduct are laid down in various forms in institutions (e.g. in a form of rules, within their educational plan, as a document providing individual rules without measures) and that the integrity or details of regulating institutions’ or schools’ rules of conduct and measures upon their violation differ between individual institutions. It was also established that institutions usually impose correctional measures verbally, a child-care worker or a group of child-care workers decide about the measure as a rule without the participation of children or adolescents, and that children and adolescents usually do not use complaint channels. 43 2.3 VISITS TO RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT INSTITUTIONS VISITS TO RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT INSTITUTIONS AND YOUTH HOMES