DEVICES AUTHORIZED FOR USE 21 and tear gas. Police and other law enforcement personnel, many of them masked, pursued fleeing demonstrators of all ages, kicking and punching them and striking them with truncheons, wooden poles, and other objects.47 Kazakhstan A 2009 report by the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (SRT) described ‘women who are subjected to beatings and other forms of violence, including hooding and electroshock by law enforcement agents’. One woman ‘had to stand for 24 hours against the wall, handcuffed by one hand’. Furthermore, the report documented ‘beatings of minors by the police with fists and police truncheons . . . children were often handcuffed to radiators for several hours, sometimes for entire nights’.48 In terms of public-order situations, a 2013 Amnesty International report stated: Eyewitnesses claimed that some police fired warning shots into the air but others fired directly into the large crowd in the square, which included women and children out to celebrate. Video footage from several sources showed security forces aiming and shooting their weapons at protestors running away and beating those lying injured on the ground. Fifteen people were killed, hundreds were seriously wounded.49 Kyrgyzstan A 2012 UN SRT report detailed hearing ‘multiple allegations of torture that shared the same pattern: asphyxiation with plastic bags and gas masks with no flow of oxygen; punches and beatings with truncheons; the application of electric shock’.50 With regard to public-order situations, a 2010 HRW report stated: The next day, violence also erupted in the capital of Bishkek when security forces tried to disperse a peaceful protest against the authorities’ detention of opposition leaders. When demonstrators resisted and started throwing stones, the authorities used tear gas, rubber bullets, and stun grenades, further enraging the crowd. Some demonstrators armed themselves with weapons that they took from the police; others physically attacked police officers, injuring several hundred officers. Thousands of 47 Human Rights Watch (HRW), Crossing the Line, Georgia’s Violent Dispersal of Protestors and Raid on Imedi Television (HRW: Brussels, 2007), <http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/georgia1207web.pdf>. >. 48 Nowak, Mission to Kazakhstan (note 15). 49 Amnesty International, Old Habits: The Routine Use of Torture and Other Ill Treatment in Kazakhstan, 57/001/2013, <http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/kazakhstan_-_old_habitsthe_routine_use_of_torture_and_other_ill-treatment_in_kazakhstan.pdf >. 50 Mendez, J., Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Juan E Mendez, Mission to Kyrgyzstan, [5 to 13 December 2011], A/HRC/19/61/Add.2, <http://www.univie.ac.at/bimtor/dateien/kyrgyzstan_unsrt_2012_report.pdf>.