Armed conflict Sources First Geneva Convention (arts. 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 46, 50 and 63) Second Geneva Convention (arts. 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 47, 51 and 62) Third Geneva Convention (arts. 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 78, 126, 130 and 142) Fourth Geneva Convention (arts. 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 27, 33, 54, 143, 147 and 158) Protocol I (arts. 1, 10, 20, 43(3), 50(1,2), 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 75, 81 and 85) Protocol II (arts. 1, 4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18) Standards During armed conflicts and occupation, police are to be considered non-combatants unless they are formally incorporated in the armed forces.128 Police have a right to abstain from fulfilling their functions under occupation for reasons of conscience, and this shall not result in an alteration of their status.129 Humanitarian law applies in all situations of armed conflict.130 Principles of humanity must be safeguarded in all situations.131 Non-combatants and persons put out of action by injury, sickness, capture or any other cause must be respected and protected.132 Persons suffering from the effects of war must be aided and cared for without discrimination.133 Acts prohibited in all circumstances include: - Murder - Torture - Corporal punishment - Mutilation - Outrages on personal dignity - Hostage-taking - Collective punishment - Executions without regular trial - Cruel and degrading treatment134 128 Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in the Armed Forces in the Field (hereinafter “First Geneva Convention”), Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of the Armed Forces at Sea (hereinafter “Second Geneva Convention”), Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (hereinafter “Third Geneva Convention”), Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (hereinafter “Fourth Geneva Convention”), common article 3 (hereinafter the four Conventions taken together will be designated “The Geneva Conventions”); Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflict (Protocol I) (hereinafter “Protocol I”), articles 43(3) and 50(1,2). 129 Fourth Geneva Convention, articles 27 and 54. 130 The Geneva Conventions, article 3; Protocol I, article 1; Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflict (Protocol II) (hereinafter “Protocol II”), article 1. 131 The Geneva Conventions, common article 3; First Geneva Convention, article 63; Second Geneva Convention, article 62; Third Geneva Convention, article 142; Fourth Geneva Convention, article 158; Protocol I, article 1; Protocol II, article 4. 132 The Geneva Conventions, common article 3; First Geneva Convention, article 12; Second Geneva Convention, article 12; Third Geneva Convention, articles 13 and 16; Fourth Geneva Convention, article 4; Protocol I, articles 10 and 75; Protocol II, articles 4, 7 and 8. 133 The Geneva Conventions, common article 3; First Geneva Convention, article 12; Second Geneva Convention, article 12; Third Geneva Convention, articles 13-15; Fourth Geneva Convention, articles 13 and 14; Protocol I, article 10; Protocol II, article 7. 134 The Geneva Conventions, common article 3; First Geneva Convention, article 50; Second Geneva Convention, article 51; Third Geneva Convention, articles 13 and 130; Fourth Geneva Convention, article 147; Protocol I, article 85; Protocol II, article 4. 117