Provide for periodic review and revision of policies for the treatment of juvenile offenders, in consultation with social agencies, medical personnel, the judiciary and community representatives. Establish expedited procedures for bringing detained juveniles before a court, where judicial action is appropriate. Establish close liaison and cooperation with juvenile justice, child protection, medical and social agencies. Develop strategies for regular attention to children in especially vulnerable circumstances such as extreme poverty, homelessness, abusive households or high crime areas. If possible, establish a special juvenile unit for expert attention to juvenile crime and juvenile victimization incidents. Issue clear orders on the confidential handling of juvenile records. Closely supervise staff responsible for dealing with juveniles, and investigate and redress any incidents of abuse, mistreatment or exploitation of children. Questions 01. “Labelling a young person ‘delinquent’ or ‘criminal’ often contributes to the development of a consistent pattern of anti-social and undesirable behaviour by that person.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your response. 02. How does the criminal justice system in which you work ensure that reactions to juvenile offenders are always proportionate to the circumstances of the offenders and the offence? Suggest improvements that can be made to ensure greater proportionality. 03. Three important rights or procedural safeguards for juveniles suspected of crime are the right to remain silent; the right to legal counsel; and the right to the presence of a parent or guardian at all stages of the proceedings. How does the criminal justice system in which you work guarantee these rights? What limitations does it place on them? Suggest improvements to the system to ensure the guarantees. 04. In some jurisdictions police are involved in programmes for rehabilitation of juvenile offenders within the community. What are the advantages and disadvantages of police becoming involved in such programmes? 05. Consider ways in which the law enforcement agency in which you work could contribute to a research programme on the causes and prevention of juvenile crime. What information could it provide? What expertise is available within the agency? Would your agency cooperate with such research carried out by a university in your country? 06. What are the various ways in which the criminal justice system in which you work avoids criminal prosecution of a juvenile for conduct that does not seriously harm the juvenile or others? What other ways are there? 07. “Youthful behaviour or conduct that does not conform to overall social norms and values is often part of the maturation and growth process and tends to disappear spontaneously in most individuals with the transition to adulthood.” Do you agree? If the statement is largely true, what are the implications for police policy and practice? 08. The “Riyadh Guidelines” stipulate that government agencies should take special responsibility and provide necessary services for homeless or street children. The Guidelines further require information about local facilities, accommodation, employment and other forms and sources of help to be made readily avail134