Table of contents
1. Introduction......................................................................................... 8
2. Key principles of systemic thinking as
applied to preventive monitoring................................................... 11
2.1. Begin with the end in mind................................................................ 11
2.2. Look at the whole picture instead of focusing
only on parts and elements.................................................................. 13
2.3. See relations and connections instead of
singular events/actors......................................................................... 14
2.4. See circularity: causes are effects and effects
are causes......................................................................................... 16
2.5. Seek actively and integrate different
viewpoints and multiple perspectives.................................................... 18
2.6. Look at the “bottom of the iceberg” and
understand underlying cultural patterns................................................ 20
2.7. Look at failures in the system, not in persons......................................... 23
2.8. Look at resources and strengths, not only deficits................................... 25
2.9. Look for entry points and connections, while
recognizing the limits of intervention.................................................... 27
2.10. Include ongoing reflection and self-reflection..................................... 29
3. Specific tools..................................................................................... 32
3.1. The Change Formula - a simple model of change................................... 32
3.2. The systemic loop – a useful process model....................................... 33
3.3. Systemic questions – a basic working tool .......................................... 35
3.4. Appreciative Inquiry – a tool for unearthing
resources and potentials..................................................................... 36
3.5. “Peer consulting”– a tool for reflection . ............................................... 38