DRAFT CEDAW General recommendation on Trafficking in Women and Girls in the Context of Global Migration 67. Elimination of discrimination in access to health care is an urgent issue for trafficked women and girls who are at an increased risk of physical and psychological injury, genderbased violence, death, sexual exploitation and abuse, pregnancy and reproductive health issues, and contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, at various stages of the trafficking cycle.173 Migrant victims of trafficking, particularly those in irregular migration situations, face administrative, linguistic, cultural and other barriers in accessing health services, including fear of retaliation from perpetrators and fear of being denounced by health service professionals for their irregular immigration status. The development of standard operating procedures for trafficking victim identification and the training of health workers on providing a gender-sensitive response are key to assisting trafficked women exit from exploitative situations. 68. Early identification and protection of presumed victims of human trafficking: a) Create national guidelines and standard operating procedures on victim identification and referral that is benchmarked to international standards, integrating a gender-sensitive, victim-centered, age-, gender-sensitive and trauma-informed approach, and which is uniformly applicable throughout the territory of the State party;174 b) Increase the early detection capacity and authority of law enforcement and border personnel, immigration and asylum authorities, labour inspectors, social workers and health-care professionals to promptly identify trafficking and related offences against women and girls and to facilitate the referral of victims, including nonnationals, to the appropriate services, assistance and rehabilitation and social integration including by providing mandatory systematic training on the:175 i. Causes, consequences and incidence of trafficking in women and girls and different forms of exploitation;176 ii. Effective implementation of national guidelines on victim identification;177 iii. Gender-sensitive and child-sensitive protocols 178 for dealing with victims. c) Adopt adequate gender-sensitive screening mechanisms for the early identification and referral of victims of trafficking among women asylum seekers179 as well as for women migrant workers suspected of breaches of national labour, immigration or criminal laws 180 to ensure they receive coordinated protection, assistance and support;181 d) Ensure adequate protection and support for both victims of trafficking and for presumed victims while identification processes are carried out;182 e) Introduce proactive inspections for the identification of trafficking victims in workplaces and recruitment agencies;183 173 General recommendation No. 30 (2013) (CEDAW/C/GC/30), para. 37. para. 36(d), CEDAW/C/SAU/CO/3-4; para. 23(d), CEDAW/C/ARG/CO/7. 175 para. 27(a), CEDAW/C/BFA/CO/7; para. 27(d), CEDAW/C/KEN/CO/8; para. 21(c), CEDAW/C/ROU/CO/7-8; para. 29(e), CEDAW/C/CHE/CO/4-5; para. 25(e), CEDAW/C/GTM/CO/89; para. 40(a), CEDAW/C/TUR/CO/7; para. 25(b), CEDAW/C/ALB/CO/4; para. 28(e), CEDAW/C/BWA/CO/4; para. R, CEDAW/C/MMR/CO/3; para. 25(c), CEDAW/C/NER/CO/3-4. 176 para. 21(d), CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/7-8. 177 para. 25(b), CEDAW/C/THA/CO/6-7. 178 para. 26(b), CEDAW/C/BRB/CO/5-8; para. 31(a), CEDAW/C/UKR/CO/8. 179 General recommendation No. 32 (2014) (CEDAW/C/GC/32), paras. 44 and 46. 180 para. 26(b), CEDAW/C/QAT/CO/1. 181 para. 30(c), CEDAW/C/ITA/CO/7; para. R, CEDAW/C/ARG/CO/6; para. 37, CEDAW/C/BOL/CO/5-6. 182 para. 20, CEDAW/C/DNK/CO/8. 183 para. 21(c), CEDAW/C/ROU/CO/7-8; para. 27(a-b), CEDAW/C/JPN/CO/7-8. 174 22