vation of liberty, while upholding human rights and integrating a gender perspective. It also provides case-law examples illustrating milestones in jurisprudence on the topic. In addition to an account of landmark court decisions, international instruments, national practices and academic studies, this publication is based on research collected over two years involving practitioners from criminal justice systems and civil society organizations throughout the region. Overall, the publication aims to raise awareness about sexual and gender-based violence in criminal justice facilities and about victims’ needs, while proposing a range of safeguards that can be put in place to effectively prevent such violence. As sexual and gender-based violence in places of deprivation of liberty is largely under-researched, the aim of this publication is to trigger a debate and inspire further action at the national and international levels. In this way, it will fill a gap in the existing tools dedicated to places of deprivation of liberty. Ingibjörg Sólrún Gísladóttir Director of the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights 9