CAT/C/CPV/CO/1 investigations. The Committee also recalls the concern of the Human Rights Committee about the clashes between Cabo Verdean law enforcement officials and West African immigrants between 2002 and 2005, as well as the allegations of police brutality against juveniles as a form of extrajudicial punishment (see CCPR/C/CPV/CO/1, paras. 11 and 18). The Committee notes with concern that the National Commission for Human Rights and Citizenship receives approximately 10 complaints per year of excessive use of force by the police and that, according to other sources, the National Police Council received 50 reports of police abuse in the first 10 months of 2015. Given this data, the Committee regrets the lack of information, owing to the absence of a State party report, about whether any criminal or disciplinary sanctions were imposed for those abuses. The Committee also notes with concern that the delays in criminal proceedings have reportedly contributed to the perception of impunity among the population, who often withdraw their complaints or decide not to bring their cases to justice (arts. 12 and 13). 21. The State party should: (a) Take appropriate measures to further strengthen the supervision and monitoring mechanisms of the police force, particularly with regard to the treatment of persons under custody; (b) Ensure that all complaints of police brutality or excessive use of force are promptly investigated in an impartial manner by an independent body, that there is no institutional or hierarchical relationship between that body’s investigators and suspected perpetrators of such acts and that the suspected perpetrators are duly tried and, if found guilty, are punished in a manner that is commensurate with the gravity of their acts; (c) Ensure that the authorities launch investigations on their own initiative whenever there are reasonable grounds to believe that an act of police brutality or excessive use of force has been committed; (d) Inform the Committee about the number of complaints received related to police brutality and excessive use of force by the police, disaggregated by ethnic group, age and sex of the victim, and about the criminal and disciplinary investigations resulting from those complaints, including those initiated ex officio, as well as the prosecutions, convictions and criminal and disciplinary penalties imposed; (e) Inform the Committee about the scope of the mandate of the National Police Council and the National Police Disciplinary Board, as well as how the independence of those bodies is guaranteed and how those bodies relate to the Public Prosecutor’s Office when they are conducting criminal and disciplinary investigations; (f) Ensure that alleged perpetrators of police brutality or excessive use of force are immediately suspended from duty for the duration of the investigation, particularly when there is a risk that they might otherwise be in a position to repeat the alleged act, to commit reprisals against the alleged victim or to obstruct the investigation, while also ensuring that the principle of presumption of innocence is observed. Accountability with regard to acts of torture 22. The Committee is concerned about the case of Carlos Graça, former director of São Martinho prison, who was charged with torture together with four prison guards as a result of the actions they took following the riot that took place in 2005 at the prison of which he was director, and who fled to the United States of America while he was on bail. Although Mr. Graça was extradited to Cabo Verde in 2010, the Committee regrets the lack of information, owing to the absence of a State party report, about whether this person and the 6