After setting out a general prohibition of discrimination, the Declaration enumerates specific groups of rights: civil, cultural, economic, political and social. Articles 3 to 21 describe classic civil and political rights (including the right to asylum and the right to property). Articles 22 to 28 guarantee a range of economic, social and cultural rights, with the important recognition in article 28 that: “Everyone Non-discrimination in the has the right to a social and internaenjoyment of human rights tional order in which the rights and All the core human rights treaties reflect freedoms set forth in this Declarathe general principle of the Universal tion can be fully realized.” Declaration of Human Rights that the rights they set out should be enjoyed without distinction of any kind. Article 2 of the Declaration sets out a nonexhaustive list of prohibited grounds for discrimination: While the Declaration is, as its name suggests, not a directly legally binding treaty, its importance should not be underestimated. It is of high moral force, representing as it does the first internationally agreed definition of the rights of all people, adopted in the shadow of a period of massive violations of the rights it describes. The Declaration also laid the groundwork for the treaty structure that emerged in the following decades. More­ over, by comprehensively drawing together the different types of rights, the Declaration emphasizes the commonality, interrelatedness and interdependence of all rights, a fundamental point reaffirmed many years later in the 1993 Vienna Declaration of the World Conference on Human Rights. •  Race or colour; •  Sex; •  Language; •  Religion; •  Political or other opinion; •  National or social origin; •  Property, birth or other status. The same list is included in article 2 of both Covenants. Subsequent treaties have expanded the list further. Three are specifically aimed at eliminating certain forms of discrimination: racial discrimination, discrimination against women and discrimination against persons with disabilities. B. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) When the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, broad agreement already existed that the rights it contained should be translated into legal form as treaties, which would directly bind those States that agreed to their terms. This led to extended negotiations in the Commission on Human Rights, a political body composed of State representatives, which until 2006 5

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