Introduction to the Guide 17 significant advances, it is nevertheless important to recall that their adoption does not necessarily amount to adequate implementation in practice, and that monitoring bodies have an important role to play in examining and addressing gaps between policies and realities on the ground. Other boxes reference relevant case law ( ) and detail practices that either heighten the risks of mistreatment or amount to ill-treatment or even torture ( ). At the end of each section, a “monitoring checklist” ( ) summarizes - in the form of questions - key issues that monitors should inquire into during their visits. ! In order to ensure that the guide remains practical and user-friendly, sources are provided only when explicit reference is made to a country situation or specific case law. A list of further readings is provided at the end of the publication. Key concepts and definitions4 Bisexual A person who is physically, romantically and/ or emotionally attracted to people of two (or more) sexes or genders. Biphobia Describes an irrational fear, hatred or aversion towards bisexual people. Cisgender Describes persons whose gender identity is aligned with the sex assigned to them at birth. Cisnormativity Refers to the assumption that all persons are cisgender, i.e. have a gender identity which is aligned with the sex they were assigned at birth. 4 Definitions are drawn mainly from the Yogyakarta Principles, UNHCR Guidelines on international protection N°9, and APT materials, unless otherwise specified. Specific vocabulary, including associations and perceptions related to usage, are largely dependent on local contexts. As such, what may be considered an appropriate term in a given country or region, may not also be the case in others.