A Monitoring Guide 65 nagement or judicial authorities. For trans detainees, allocation decisions are often made on the basis of the sex assigned at birth, rather than on self-identification. When LGBTI detainees are separated from the rest of the prison population, there is a risk that their access to activities, vocational training, or work will be restricted or even denied. LGBTI detainees may be separated from the rest of the prison population and allocated to special wings because the authorities cannot guarantee the protection of their physical integrity in general prison population. LGBTI detainees may also be segregated from the general prison population and allocated to a facility’s worst quarters, such as those characterized by poor and filthy material conditions, or that are lacking ventilation or electricity or are overcrowded, as a form of punishment. Even when special wings are created with entirely protective intentions, their use leads to risks of further stigmatisation and discrimination, and of arbitrariness in the placement decision-making process. Such wings can accommodate anywhere from a handful of detainees to several hundred, in the largest prisons. Sometimes the name of the wing may itself be derogatory. Practice shows that lesbians and trans men are usually not segregated from the rest of the population in special quarters, although they are disproportionately exposed to discriminatory sanctions and punishments (see below, “Discriminatory sanctions”). When segregated from the rest of the prison population, LGBTI detainees can be subject to stricter detention regimes, for instance being denied access to services, programmes, and facilities offered to other inmates. This can be the result of infrastructure (i.e. due to the wing’s location in a remote part of the prison or to its physical shortcomings), or due to prison personnel’s alleged inability to guarantee the protection of the LGBTI detainees. In practical terms, it means that they may not be able to attend vocational training, participate in workshops, attend continuing education or sports classes, or even access the courtyard. They may also be excluded from therapeutic groups activities and drug rehabilitation programmes. Their detention conditions may even be tantamount to high security Chapter III Special wings for LGBTI detainees