Note: In drawing up this table, the headings for the offence names (known as "Index 107") have been restated in a wider way to attenuate breaks relating to changes in Index 107 and changes in recording practices. The heading "unpaid cheques" includes cheques without funds, before they were decriminalised in 1992. The large number of persons arrested was shown under this heading (over 200,000 in the mid-1980s) and so as not to obscure results relating to custody, very seldom used in that respect, this figure has been drawn up excluding them. Comment: The table by category of offence confirms, for 2016 as for the previous years, the general effect of the Act of 14 April 2011 which had been preceded by the decision of the Constitutional Council (30 July 2010) referred a priority preliminary ruling on the issue of the unconstitutionality (QPC) of the articles of the CPP relating to custody. After a maximum recorded in 2009, use of this measure decreased from 2010 for all types of offences but differences still remain between them. For offences showing the highest rate of appeal in custody (the first lines in the table) the reduction in this rate is proportionately smaller. It is also worth remarking, and in compliance with legislative developments, that the decrease in custody, in absolute numbers and by proportion primarily concerns offences relating to foreign nationals staying in the country and the use of drugs which respectively contribute 35% and 12% in the total drop between 2008 and 2016. In the case of foreign nationals’ residence, the drop has been extended under the effect of its replacement by detention for verification of identity in 2011 (please see section 3.1). 151