Trafficking in Human Beings During the reporting period, training material on specific skills required of the police in dealing with victims of crimes, including a part on interviewing victims of human trafficking, were developed in the Russian language, and a training-of-trainers course on the same subject was conducted for nine police instructors. Community Security Initiative in Kyrgyzstan Background On 18 November 2010, the Permanent Council, in its Decision No. 961, approved the Community Security Initiative (CSI) in Kyrgyzstan, to support Kyrgyzstan police in addressing the specific security situation after the June 2010 inter-ethnic violence in southern Kyrgyzstan, and its aftermath, and to contribute also to the long-term professionalism of the Kyrgyzstani police in providing human security for all communities, and without distinction as to ethnicity. At the same time, the project was planned to be a pilot initiative which contributes to the longer term, wider national police reform programme being led and strengthened by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic. Ensuing initial controversies and misunderstandings of primarily the Police Advisory Group antedating the CSI and of the revised project that became the CSI, there remained a certain lack of enthusiasm and suspicion on the part of various actors in Parliament and the Ministry of Interior. Throughout the first six months of the project its intrinsic sensitivity left an uncertainty as to whether it would be allowed to continue or have its mandate revoked. Following the deployment in January and March of the group of 27 Police Consultants who were co-located in regional police headquarters and local police substations, working relations have successively and successfully been established with local counterparts. The process of building such relations i.e. gaining trust and co-operation was lengthier than expected but eventually successful. Throughout the Fall, working relations on the ground remained positive and spirited. The introduction of Mobile Police Receptions (MPRs) in August boosted the possibility to engage communities, particularly in remote areas, and received much positive response from both the police and communities. Parallel to this, the year saw political developments, which absorbed much capacity of the police and at times forced CSI activities to a minimum. A heightened general cautiousness could be noted in the context of the anniversaries of the 2010 revolution, the 2010 June events, the 20 Years of Independence anniversary, as well as the presidential elections. The counterparts’ motivational aptitude was and will continue to be strongly linked to perceived benefits. In that context the CSI stood the challenge of balancing the provision of what material aid has been deemed necessary or promotional for project purposes, with promoting a change in habits, attitudes and procedures which is at the core of the project idea. The work done thus far focused on putting in place an infrastructure and environment conducive to the development of a relationship as well as a working method enabling common approaches and joint initiatives to mutually perceived problems. Although no revolution of mindset could be witnessed a slowly increasing willingness and comprehension was built up as a foundation from which to escalate momentum and achieve transformation. Proof of this was shown by the increase of deliberately sought advice and training, in one case even in the area of criminal investigation. 109