Background The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) provides police-related assistance to governments and civil society of participating States, co-operating closely with other OSCE structures and international organizations. In 2011, police-related activities were conducted in the following programmatic areas: Human Rights, Women & Security (HRWS) In 2011, ODIHR’s Human Rights, Women and Security programme continued to promote and utilize the Toolkit on Gender and Security Sector Reform, published by ODIHR together with the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and the UN International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW) (see http://www.osce.org/odihr/44713). The Toolkit demonstrates why a gender perspective is relevant to security sector reform processes, such as police reform. ODIHR trains security sector actors in OSCE participating States based on the Toolkit and enhances their capacity to develop gender-sensitive policies and initiatives. The Toolkit includes as one of its fourteen training modules a component on “Police Reform and Gender.” Consequently, on 19-20 September 2011, ODIHR organized two sessions for a total of fifty law enforcement officers in Montenegro on the importance of properly addressing security issues that predominantly have an impact on women such as domestic violence. In November 2011, ODIHR, together with the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, implemented a series of three training events that familiarized local law enforcement and government officials in the Serbian towns of Zaje ar, Niš and Kraljevo with the contents of the Toolkit and UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security in general. This was an opportune moment to discuss gender equality in the security sector at the local level since Serbia had recently adopted a national action plan for the implementation of UNSCR 1325. The Toolkit has been translated into Russian and has been disseminated to OSCE field presences and other stakeholders during various awarenessraising events in 2011. ODIHR continues to train based on various Toolkit modules targeting all relevant security sector actors in addition to law enforcement. Human Rights Education ODIHR is finalizing the development of the Guidelines on Human Rights Education for Law Enforcement Officials. The Second Phase of the United Nations World Programme for Human Rights Education, the UN Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training as well as relevant OSCE commitments call on states to have human rights integrated into any training or educational programme for law enforcement officials. Such educational approaches should strengthen the officers’ understanding of and capacity to respect and protect human rights. Guidelines were developed on the basis of input provided by practitioners representing all OSCE geographical regions and groups including police trainers, NGO specialists and representatives from inter-governmental agencies. The guidelines are intended to serve as a measure for gauging the quality of programming and as a resource for those who initiate and conduct educational programmes compliant with human rights good practice for law enforcement officials. The document suggests six main areas which should be in place to warrant successful human rights education programme for law enforcement officials: 1) human rights-based approaches to overall processes and goals; 2) core competencies; 3) curricula; 4) teaching/training and learning processes; 5) evaluation; and finally, 6) professional development and support for educational personnel. 128