CAT/C/CR/34/ALB page 4 (e) About allegations of lack of independence of the judiciary; (f) That there is no universal jurisdiction of the Albanian courts in cases involving torture; (g) That there is no clear legal provision prohibiting the use as evidence of any statement obtained under torture as well as no clear legal provision stating that an order from a superior may not be invoked as justification of torture; (h) At the failure to ensure fair and adequate compensation, including rehabilitation, for all victims of torture, including ex-political convicted and persecuted persons; (i) At the lack of implementation of the fundamental legal safeguards for persons detained by the police, including guaranteeing the right to inform a relative, access to a lawyer and a doctor of their own choice, the provision of information about their rights and, for juveniles, the presence of their legal guardians during interrogation; (j) three years; At the poor conditions of detention and long pre-trial detention periods of up to (k) At the existence of an additional 10-hour administrative detention period for interrogation before the maximum 48-hour period within which a detainee must be brought before a judge begins; (l) About the lack of regular and unannounced visits to police stations by the Office of the Ombudsman; (m) About the lack of systematic medical examination of detainees within 24 hours of their admission to prison, the poor medical care in detention facilities, and the lack of training for medical personnel and prison medical personnel, not under the authority of the Ministry of Public Health; (n) About the legal possibility of refoulement of persons without any legal procedures in cases affecting public order or national security; (o) At the reported prevalence of violence against women and girls, including sexual and domestic violence, and the reluctance on the part of the authorities to, inter alia, adopt legislative and other measures to counter this phenomenon. D. Recommendations 8. The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Amend the Criminal Code in order to adopt a definition of torture that covers all the elements contained in article 1 of the Convention; (b) Ensure strict application of the provisions against torture and ill-treatment, criminalizing acts of torture and prosecuting and punishing perpetrators in a manner proportionate to the seriousness of the crimes committed;