Tool 5: Places of Deprivation of Liberty and Gender groups, and allocates sufficient resources for these purposes. Maintaining safety and security is a priority in such situations, thus providing separate accommodation and sanitation facilities for women and men is vital. It is important to be aware that sexual violence may have been used during the conflict, and this must be considered when understanding the needs and roles of women and men in post-conflict places of deprivation of liberty. It is very important to ensure that women deprived of their liberty are supervised only by women, and retraumatizing processes such as body searches are kept to a minimum and conducted only when strictly necessary. The rebuilding of prison infrastructure, systems and processes can sometimes involve international aid agencies and NGOs or foreign government forces. Training for external parties will be required to ensure all those involved are aware of what is culturally appropriate and therefore act with awareness and sensitivity.* Places of deprivation of liberty outside the criminal justice system As well as those in prisons and police custody, hundreds of thousands of people across the world are deprived of their liberty in refugee camps, immigration centres and other facilities. There are many similarities between these situations and those within criminal justice places of detention, whether they are formal institutions or temporary structures and collectives. Such similarities include overcrowded accommodation, limited opportunities for work and high levels of stress. Thus integrating a gender perspective in these settings can also help to facilitate gender equality and reform. In refugee camps, in many contexts women are expected to gather water and firewood. This activity has often exposed them to SGBV attacks by militants, locals and sometimes men and boys from the camp. Initiatives to improve the safety of women and girls in refugee camps have provided access to affordable, reliable, sustainable energy services, reducing the need for women and girls to move to or through areas of risk.33 However, this can have the negative effect of restricting women’s free movement within the camp. Further efforts need to be made with the men and boys of the local communities, military or supervising forces, NGOs and those within the camps to acknowledge SGBV and prevent it. An example of such an effort comes from Jordan (see Box 18). Box 18: Engaging men and boys in SGBV prevention in Jordan Located in northern Jordan, Zaartari refugee camp had a population of over 80,000 Syrian refugees. Among the many problems identified as affecting the refugee population were the high levels of SGBV, including domestic violence, early and forced marriage and sexual violence. In response, Arab Renaissance for Democracy and Development carried out workshops with around 200 men and boys from a cross-section of demographics across the camp. The programme consisted of two workshops of two hours each where small groups would come together. The first was focused on psychosocial support for the men, and the second addressed SGBV. Participants were asked a range of questions before and after the programme. It was found that the initiative had an impact by:  building resilience, e.g. those who felt confident in dealing with psychological distress increased from 55 per cent to 78 per cent  increasing understanding of SGBV, e.g. the proportion of men who understood that more women than men are victims of SGBV increased from 57 per cent to 82 per cent. Source: ARDD-Legal Aid (2016) “Four pillars for engaging men and boys in SGBV prevention in Zaatari refugee camp”, Amman: Arab Renaissance for Democracy & Development. * For more details on gender in post-conflict justice contexts see C. Reiger (2014) Improving Women’s Access to Justice During and After Conflict: Mapping UN Rule of Law Engagement, New York: UN Women and UNDP; UNDPKO, UNODC and UNDP (2014) “A prison evaluation checklist for post-conflict settings”, New York: United Nations; UNODC and US Institute of Peace (2011) Criminal Justice Reform in PostConflict States – A Guide for Practitioners, Vienna: UNODC. 43