FUNDING The diversification of the donor base continued to be a challenge. In 2019, UN Human Rights received funding from a total of 84 donors. As in previous years, despite efforts to broaden the donor base, including by increasing the number of contributing Member States and bringing in non-traditional donors, the overwhelming majority of voluntary contributions came from 66 Member States, which provided a total of US$143.6 million, representing 80.2 per cent of all contributions received. Of the 66 Member States that contributed in 2019, only one was a first time contributor, while 49 had contributed in 2018. In addition, 31 out of 66 contributing Member States increased their support compared to 2018 and 53 provided unearmarked funding. Multilateral organizations, including the European Commission and UN partners, contributed an additional US$34.1 million, or 19 per cent, of all contributions. In line with the Funding Compact that was established in 2019 between Member States and UN Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG) members, including UN Human Rights, to better align funding with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the contributions received by UN Human Rights through the inter-agency Pooled Funds and Trust Funds reached a record US$10.2 million in 2019. This reflected the enhanced engagement with the UN Peacebuilding Support Office, through the Peacebuilding Fund, and the growing demand for Human Rights Advisers in the UN Country Teams, which are funded through the UN Multi-Donor Trust Fund on Human Rights Mainstreaming. The Funding Compact also calls for Member States to increase their multiyear commitments. In 2019, only four donors pledged through new multi-year agreements, which compounds the lack of funding predictability and sustainability. As of the beginning of January 2020, only US$63.7 million from 18 donors had been registered for 2020 as part of multiyear agreements. On the expenditure side, approximately 58.5 per cent of all extrabudgetary funding was used to support work in the field, which receives minimal support from the regular budget. The remainder of the voluntary funding was distributed between other areas of UN Human Rights’ work and often supplemented the limited resources available from the regular budget. Although the extrabudgetary income of UN Human Rights was below the extrabudgetary requirements presented in the 2019 Annual Appeal and in spite of increased earmarking of voluntary contributions, UN Human Rights used its available resources efficiently, which enabled it to achieve a far greater impact than would otherwise have been possible. The 2019 Multilateral Organization Performance Assessment Network (MOPAN) assessment of UN Human Rights acknowledged that, despite the “chronic mismatch between OHCHR’s growing mandate and scope of operations on the one hand, and its human and financial resources on the other,” the organization used its scarce human and financial resources more efficiently, “performing remarkably well, and punching above its weight.”3 3 In 2019, 51.1 per cent of total expenditures, including both regular budget and voluntary contributions, were devoted to fieldwork, particularly for capacity-strengthening projects and for human rights monitoring, which were predominantly financed through voluntary contributions. Approximately 10.9 per cent of total expenditures were spent on thematic research, human rights mainstreaming, the development of policy and the provision of guidance and tools; 8.3 per cent were spent supporting the human rights treaty bodies, including policymaking organs; and 11.6 per cent were spent in support of the Human Rights Council and its special procedures. The remainder was devoted to programme support (4.9 per cent), executive direction and management, resource mobilization and outreach activities (9 per cent) and the trust funds and miscellaneous activities (4.2 per cent).  OPAN 2017-2018, Assessment of the Office of the High M Commissioner for Human Rights, published in April 2019, http://www.mopanonline.org/assessments/ohchr2017-18/ UN HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT 2019 89