Implementation of Commitments pa rt I 2.2.3 Election Observation Copenhagen 1990 (8) The participating States consider that the presence of observers, both foreign and domestic, can enhance the electoral process for States in which elections are taking place. They therefore invite observers from any other CSCE participating States and any appropriate private institutions and organizations who may wish to do so to observe the course of their national election proceedings, to the extent permitted by law. They will also endeavour to facilitate similar access for election proceedings held below the national level. Such observers will undertake not to interfere in the electoral proceedings. (…) (12) The participating States, wishing to ensure greater transparency in the implementation of the commitments undertaken in the Vienna Concluding Document under the heading of the human dimension of the CSCE, decide to accept as a confidence building measure the presence of observers sent by participating States and representatives of non-governmental organizations and other interested persons at proceedings before courts as provided for in national legislation and international law; it is understood that proceedings may only be held in camera in the circumstances prescribed by law and consistent with obligations under international law and international commitments. 2.2.4 Human Dimension Mechanisms and Other Relevant Mechanisms Istanbul 1999 (Charter for European Security: III. Our Common Response) 14. (…) We individually confirm our willingness to comply fully with our commitments. We also have a joint responsibility to uphold OSCE principles. We (…) stand ready to use OSCE instruments, tools and mechanisms (…) We will co-operate in a spirit of solidarity and partnership in a continuing review of implementation. A. Vienna Mechanism Vienna 1989 (Human Dimension of the CSCE) The participating States, Recalling the undertakings entered into in the Final Act and in other CSCE documents concerning respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms, human contacts and other issues of a related humanitarian character, Recognizing the need to improve the implementation of their CSCE commitments and their co-operation in these areas which are hereafter referred to as the human dimension of the CSCE, Have, on the basis of the principles and provisions of the Final Act and of other relevant CSCE documents, decided: 12 OSCE Human Dimension Commitments