CAT/OP/UKR/3 Social reintegration and rehabilitation 28. The Subcommittee notes that, in general, there is a lack of social services and reintegration programmes to prepare detainees for their return to society following their detention. In nearly every institution visited by the Subcommittee, detainees and staff indicated that they were not aware of community reintegration programmes and social services that would support detainees upon release. Where such programmes exist, benefits are not automatic. In mother and baby units, for example, programmes exist for women six months before their release, but they are not made available automatically and only around 50 per cent of women participate in such programmes. The Subcommittee is concerned that an absence of social assistance for mothers could have a detrimental effect on both mothers and their children after release. In addition, limited social support for all detained persons puts them at a high risk of recidivism. 29. The Subcommittee recommends that the State party strengthen the services provided to detainees in order to ensure that social assistance, such as supported living and counselling, is in place and coordinated in order to ease detainees’ transition back into society and prevent their return to detention. Mental health and substance abuse interventions 30. The Subcommittee is concerned that, despite an apparently high prevalence of detained persons with mental health problems, there is only a very limited system for mental health intervention in places of detention. The Subcommittee has observed that, in general, mental health assessments are not done routinely and that necessary treatment may be delayed or never provided, putting detained persons at risk of harm. 31. In addition, screening for substance abuse is not carried out on a routine basis. The Subcommittee noted that, in some cases, treatment for drug addiction was terminated upon entry into a place of detention and that, in some institutions, medical professionals were working in units separate from social workers and psychologists. Further, a lack of coordination — or an insufficient overall number of mental health professionals — resulted in a slow response to indicators of ill-health. Moreover, some institutions completely lacked psychologists or social workers. 32. Recalling that regular monitoring of detainees’ psychological well-being is fundamental to reducing the risk of ill-treatment, the Subcommittee recommends that the State party include routine mental health screenings in medical examinations given upon entry to a place of detention and that the State party incorporate assessments of mental health in daily check-ups conducted by adequately trained personnel. The Subcommittee also recommends that the State party ensure prompt access to mental health services and programmes, including access to a psychiatrist, upon referral by staff or through self-referral. 33. The Subcommittee further recommends that the State party make drug rehabilitation services universally available to persons in detention and that the State party evaluate ways to improve communication and collaboration between health, psychological and social service providers in detention facilities. Torture and ill-treatment 34. The Subcommittee has received numerous and serious allegations of acts that, if proven, would amount to torture and ill-treatment. Persons interviewed by the Subcommittee in various parts of the country have recounted beatings, electrocutions, mock executions, asphyxiations, acts of intimidation and threats of sexual violence against themselves and their family members. In the light of all the work done and experience gained during the visit, the Subcommittee has no difficulty in concluding that these allegations are likely to be true. 35. Many of the above-mentioned acts are alleged to have occurred while the persons concerned were under the control of the State Security Service or during periods of unofficial detention. In such cases, detainees accused of crimes relevant to the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, such as offences under articles 109-115, 258, 260-261 and 437438 of the Criminal Code, are alleged to have been tortured in order to extract information regarding their involvement or that of their associates in “separatist” activities and to 7