Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011 Obiski zavodov za vzgojo in izobraževanje otrok in mladostnikov s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami Visits to institutions for the care and education of children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders Splošno General V Sloveniji je dest zavodov za vzgojo in izobraževanje otrok in mladostnikov s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami (zavodi), za katere je pristojno Ministrstvo za šolstvo in šport (MŠŠ). Za sprejemanje otrok in mladostnikov z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, ki jim je izrečen vzgojni ukrep oddaje v zavod, pa je bil določen en zavod za usposabljanje, za katerega je pristojno Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve (MDDSZ). V zavode se tako vključujejo mladostniki na podlagi odločb centrov za socialno delo (na primer zaradi ogroženosti v družini), odločb sodišč (kot vzgojni ukrep) ali pa z odločbami o usmeritvi (v vzgojni program). In Slovenia, there are ten institutions for the care and education of children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders (“institutions”), which are the responsibility of the Ministry of Education and Sport (MŠŠ). One juvenile institution, for which the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs (MDDSZ) is responsible, was determined to accept children and adolescents with mental disorders on whom an educational measure of committal to the institution has been imposed. Adolescents are committed to these institutions based on the decisions of social work centres (e.g. because they are endangered in the family), on court decisions (as an educational measure) or on placement decisions (placement in an educational programme). Število obiskov in lokacije V letu 2011 smo obiskali štiri zavode (Vzgojni zavod Slivnica pri Mariboru pa že v decembru 2010): Number of visits and locations • Mladinski dom Maribor, In 2011, we visited four institutions (and the Slivnica pri Mariboru Juvenile Institution already in December 2010): • Vzgojni zavod Kranj, • Maribor Juvenile Home, • Vzgojno-izobraževalni zavod Višnja Gora, • Kranj Juvenile Institution, • Vzgojni zavod Logatec. • Višnja Gora Juvenile Institution, Organiziranost • Logatec Juvenile Institution. Dva zavoda (Mladinski dom Maribor in Vzgojni zavod Kranj) sta organizirana le v stanovanjskih skupinah – v individualnih hišah oziroma v samostojnih stanovanjih v urbanih naseljih. Stanovanjske skupine delujejo v stavbah na različnih lokacijah in v najetih oziroma kupljenih stanovanjih v večjih mestih (Ljubljana, Maribor, Kranj, Postojna). Glede na normativ je v skupine običajno vključenih do osem mladostnikov. Stanovanjsko skupino strokovno vodijo štirje vzgojitelji. V stanovanjskih skupinah, v katerih so vključeni tudi osnovnošolski otroci, je dodatno zaposlena tudi gospodinja. Iz stanovanjskih skupin vsi mladostniki obiskujejo zunanje osnovne in srednje šole. Organisational structure Trije zavodi pa so kombinirani. Dejavnost izvajajo v stavbah internatskega tipa s klasičnim modelom vzgoje – v vzgojnih skupinah. Tudi ti zavodi imajo vsaj po eno stanovanjsko skupino, ki je povsem ločena od glavne stavbe in večinoma na drugi lokaciji. V vzgojnih skupinah je po normativih lahko največ 12 mladostnikov. Zavodi s klasičnim modelom vzgoje imajo svoje interne šole (osnovne in srednje poklicne), kar je posledica zahtevnejše populacije, ki se vanje vključuje. DPM meni, da je življenje in delo z mladostniki s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami v stanovanjskih skupinah primerna organizacijska oblika. Mladostniki po principu družinske vzgoje v njih neposredno pridobivajo življenjske vzorce ter se navajajo na samostojnost in odgovornost. Za čustveno in vedenjsko najbolj oškodovane pa je ta oblika življenja lahko tudi preveč zahtevna, zato je smiselno vsaj v manjšem obsegu ohraniti klasični model in s tem možnost namestitve v vzgojne skupine. 58 Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011 Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju Two institutions (Maribor Juvenile Home and Kranj Juvenile Institution) are organised as residential groups only – in individual houses or independent apartments in urban settlements. The residential groups function in buildings in various locations and in rented or purchased apartments in larger cities (Ljubljana, Maribor, Kranj, Postojna). According to the standards, up to eight adolescents are included in each group. Four childcare workers professionally lead the residential group. A housekeeper is additionally employed in residential groups which include primary school children. All adolescents from residential groups attend external primary and secondary schools. Three institutions are combined. Their activity is performed in boarding-type buildings through a classic educational model – in educational groups. These institutions also have at least one residential group entirely separate from the main building, usually located elsewhere. According to the standards, up to 12 adolescents may be included in one educational group. The institutions with the classic educational model have internal schools (primary and secondary – vocational), which is a consequence of the more demanding population included there. In the opinion of the DPM, residential groups are a suitable organisational form where adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders may live and work. Following the principle of family education, adolescents directly acquire living patterns and become used to independence and responsibility. For adolescents with the greatest emotional and behavioural problems, this type of arrangement may be too demanding; therefore, it is reasonable to preserve the classic model and the option of placement in educational groups at least to a smaller extent. National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 59