Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011 DPM je zaradi vseh posebnosti življenja in dela v zavodih MŠŠ predlagal premislek o posebnem zakonu ali o samostojnih določbah v okviru obstoječe zakonodaje, ki bi posebej urejale področje organiziranosti in delovanja zavodov. MŠŠ je sprejelo pobudo za pripravo posebnega zakona, ki bi urejal področje vzgojnih zavodov. V odzivnem poročilu je sporočilo, da je tako pobudo dal tudi aktiv ravnateljev vzgojnih zavodov. Dogovorjeno naj bi bilo, da ravnatelji opredelijo področja, ki so po njihovem slabo določena ali v obstoječi zakonodaji manjkajo in bi jih tak zakon urejal. Kadrovske in prostorske razmere Ob upoštevanju standardov in normativov za delo z mladostniki s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami je število strokovnega osebja primerno, prav tako tudi njihova vrsta in stopnja izobrazbe. Gre za strokovnjake z univerzitetno izobrazbo s področij socialne pedagogike, psihologije, socialnega dela in drugih, ki so še dodatno usposobljeni za delo s to populacijo. Prostorske razmere in oprema so v dveh zavodih primerne (Vzgojni zavod Slivnica in Mladinski dom Maribor), v enem zelo dobre (Vzgojni zavod Kranj), slabše pa v Vzgojno-izobraževalnem zavodu Višnja Gora (za dve stanovanjski skupini), precej slabe (potrebna je temeljita adaptacija, dograditev telovadnice, posodobitev učnih delavnic, zamenjava opreme) pa v Vzgojnem zavodu Logatec, na kar je DPM opozoril MŠŠ, ki izvaja ustanoviteljske dolžnosti. MŠŠ je v sprejelo naša priporočila in dalo obljubo, da bo poskušalo zagotoviti finančna sredstva za zavode, v katerih so potrebne manjše naložbe. Ni pa se opredelilo do vseh predlogov DPM za izboljšanje prostorskih razmer v Vzgojnem zavodu Logatec (dograditev telovadnice, posodobitev učnih delavnic), ampak je zapisalo, da so bila že predvidena finančna sredstva za adaptacijo prostorov za dve vzgojni skupini. Posega ni bilo mogoče izvesti zaradi rebalansov državnega proračuna in lani sprejetih omejitev na področju naložb. Izvajanje dejavnosti: pohvale in priporočila DPM Da bi se zmanjšal strah pred institucionalnim življenjem v zavodih, mladostnikom in staršem pred namestitvijo predstavijo posamezen zavod oziroma stanovanjsko skupino. Vsi obiskani zavodi imajo zgledno izdelane publikacije z osnovnimi informacijami. To in še drugo gradivo je objavljeno tudi na spletnih straneh posameznega zavoda. DPM je zavodom predlagal interdisciplinarno razpravo o potrebnosti ustanovitve triažnega diagnostičnega centra (v preteklosti je bil to �prehodni mladinski dom�), v katerega bi se v prvem obdobju oddaje v zavod nameščali mladostniki za krajše obdobje – od treh do štirih mesecev. Po tem obdobju bo odločitev, v kateri zavod bi posameznik sodil, lažja in strokovnejša. Odziva na ta predlog DPM ni bilo niti od zavodov niti od MŠŠ. Za vsakega mladostnika praviloma v mesecu dni po sprejemu vzgojni zavod pripravi individualni vzgojno-izobraževalni načrt s konkretnimi dejavnostmi za uspešen osebnostni razvoj. Na podlagi naključno pregledanih osebnih spisov mladostnikov je DPM ugotovil, da zavodi zgledno vodijo njihovo osebno dokumentacijo. V zvezi z individualnim načrtom je DPM zavodom priporočil, da ga poleg ravnatelja podpiše tudi mladostnik, saj sta mu s tem dani primerna veljava in večja odgovornost za sodelovanje v učno-vzgojnem procesu. Posebno pozornost namenjajo sodelovanju s starši ali skrbniki. Starši se prek Sveta staršev in Sveta zavoda tudi uradno vključujejo v življenje in delo posameznega zavoda. Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011 Because of all the specific features of living and working in the institutions, the DPM has suggested that MŠŠ consider introducing a special act or separate provisions within the existing legislation to regulate the organisational structure and operation of the institutions. MŠŠ adopted an initiative to prepare a special act governing juvenile institutions. In their response report, they informed us that such an initiative had also been submitted by the working group of juvenile institutions’ principals. It was agreed that the principals would define those areas which they believe are poorly regulated or absent from the existing legislation and which would be regulated by this act. Personnel and residential conditions Taking into account the standards specifying work with adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders, the number of expert personnel is adequate, as well as their type and level of education. They are experts with a university education in the fields of social pedagogy, psychology, social work and others, with additional training for work with this population. Residential conditions and equipment in two institutions are suitable (Slivnica Juvenile Institution and Maribor Juvenile Home), in one very good (Kranj Juvenile Institution), poorer in Višnja Gora Juvenile Institution (for two residential groups) and rather bad (thorough renovation, construction of a gym, modernisation of teaching workshops, replacement of equipment are needed) in Logatec Juvenile Institution, of which the DPM warned MŠŠ, which performs founding responsibilities. MŠŠ accepted our recommendations and promised to try to provide financial resources for the institutions in which minor investments are necessary. However, they did not take a position on all the proposals of the DPM to improve residential conditions in Logatec Juvenile Institution (construction of a gym, modernisation of teaching workshops) but wrote that financial resources for the adaptation of the rooms for two educational groups had been earmarked. The work could not be carried out because of the amended national budget and limitations in the field of investments adopted in the previous year. Activity performance: praise and recommendations from the DPM In order to reduce the fear of institutionalised life in the institutions, each institution or residential group is presented to the adolescents and their parents prior to committal. All institutions visited have exemplary publications with basic information. This and other materials are also published on the website of each institution. The DPM proposed to the institutions that they conduct an interdisciplinary discussion on the need to establish a triage diagnostic centre (in the past, this was called a ‘transitory juvenile facility’) in which adolescents would be placed in the first period of committal to an institution – for three or four months. After this period, the decision as to which institution an individual should be placed in would be easier and more professional. There has been no response to this proposal of the DPM from either the institutions or MŠŠ. For each adolescent, the juvenile institution usually prepares an individual educational plan within a month after admission, including concrete activities needed for successful personality development. Based on the randomly reviewed personal files of adolescents, the DPM found that the institutions kept their personal documentation in an exemplary way. As far as the individual plan is concerned, the DPM recommended to the institutions that, in addition to the principal, the plan should also be signed by the adolescent, as this would give them recognition and responsibility for participating in the educational process. Special attention is dedicated to cooperation with parents or guardians, who are, through the Parents Council and the Institution Council, officially involved in the life and work of a particular institution. 60 Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 61