Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011 Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog in pooblastil državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011 Implementation of THE Duties and Powers Of The National Preventive Mechanism in 2011 Uvod Introduction Po Zakonu o ratifikaciji Opcijskega protokola h Konvenciji proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju (Uradni list RS, št. 114/06 – Mednarodne pogodbe, št. 20/06 – opcijski protokol) Varuh človekovih pravic RS (Varuh) izvaja tudi naloge in pooblastila državnega preventivnega mehanizma (DPM), v dogovoru z njim pa tudi izbrane nevladne organizacije, registrirane v Republiki Sloveniji, ter organizacije, ki so pridobile status humanitarne organizacije v Republiki Sloveniji in se ukvarjajo z varstvom človekovih pravic ali temeljnih svoboščin. Na podlagi javnega razpisa, objavljenega v Uradnem listu RS, št. 107/2008 z dne 14. 11. 2008, so bile za sodelovanje v letu 2009 in 2010 (z možnostjo podaljšanja sodelovanja še za eno leto) izbrane organizacije: Pravnoinformacijski center nevladnih organizacij – PIC, Rdeči križ Slovenije in Inštitut Primus. Na podlagi Aneksov k Pogodbi o sodelovanju pri izvajanju nalog in pooblastil državnega preventivnega mehanizma je bilo sodelovanje teh izbranih organizacij podaljšano še za eno leto, to je za leto 2011. According to the Act ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 114/06, International Treaties, no. 20/06, Optional Protocol), the Human Rights Ombudsman of the Republic of Slovenia (the Ombudsman) and, in agreement with the Ombudsman, selected non-governmental organisations registered in the Republic in Slovenia and organisations with the status of a humanitarian organisation in the Republic of Slovenia concerned with the protection of human rights or fundamental freedoms also perform duties and have powers under the National Preventive Mechanism (DPM). On the basis of a public tender published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 107/2008 of 14 November 2008, the following organisations were selected for cooperation in 2009 and 2010 (with the option of renewal for another year): the Legal Information Centre of NGOs – PIC, Slovenian Red Cross and the Primus Institute. On the basis of annexes to the Contract on cooperation in performing the duties and powers of the National Preventive Mechanism, the cooperation of the selected organisations was renewed for another year, i.e. for 2011. V letu 2011 smo opravili 46 obiskov in s tem v celoti uresničili vse načrtovane obiske iz vnaprej pripravljenega programa. Tako smo obiskali deset ustanov, kjer so nastanjene osebe, ki so na prestajanju kazni zapora oziroma priporniki, 19 policijskih postaj, Azilni dom v Ljubljani in Center za tujce v Postojni, dve psihiatrični ustanovi, tri posebne socialnovarstvene zavode, pet domov za starejše, en kombinirani zavod in štiri vzgojne zavode. Pri obiskih smo sodelovali s štirimi predstavnicami PIC, s tremi predstavniki Rdečega križa Slovenije in tremi predstavnicami Inštituta Primus. Na podlagi posebnih pogodb o sodelovanju smo še naprej uporabljali tudi znanje in izkušnje (za zdaj) dveh zunanjih strokovnjakinj, ki poleg svojega strokovnega področja presojata razmere v zavodih tudi z vidika preprečevanja mučenja in drugih oblik okrutnega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja. Prva je strokovnjakinja za pedagoško in psihološko področje. Z nami sodeluje pri vseh obiskih vzgojnih zavodov, v katerih so nastanjeni mladostniki in po vsakem obisku v pisni obliki podaja svoje ugotovitve o ustreznosti izvajanja vzgojno-izobraževalne dejavnosti, ki jih opravljajo vzgojni zavodi, ter tudi o ustreznosti socialnega varstva z namestitvijo otrok in mladostnikov v teh ustanovah. Druga pa je strokovnjakinja s področja medicine, in sicer specialistka psihiatrije. Sodeluje pri načrtovanih obiskih prostorov odvzema prostosti (zlasti v večjih zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora in v Azilnem domu ter Centru za tujce) ter v pisni obliki podaja svoje ugotovitve zlasti z vidika o ustreznosti zdravstvenega varstva in glede ravnanja z ljudmi, ki jim je odvzeta prostost. Izbrane druge organizacije naloge in pooblastila opravljajo s svojimi osebami, ki so usposobljene za posamezna področja nadzora. Vedno so člani skupine, ki jo vsakokrat določi Varuh za opravljanje obiska na kraju odvzema prostosti ter preverjanja ravnanja z osebami, ki jim je bila odvzeta prostost. Kraj in čas obiska ter število članov skupine za opravljanje obiska na posameznem kraju nadzora določi Varuh. Pri tem upošteva program obiskov, ki je bil sprejet v sodelovanju z izbranimi organizacijami, po potrebi pa pri tem upošteva tudi druge okoliščine, ki bi terjale takojšen obisk. O vsakem obisku smo pripravili izčrpno poročilo o svojih ugotovitvah. Poročilo vsebuje tudi predloge in priporočila za odpravo ugotovljenih nepravilnosti ter za izboljšanje stanja, vključno z ukrepi za zmanjšanje možnosti nepravilnega ravnanja v prihodnje. Pri pripravi 8 Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011 Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju In 2011, 46 visits were performed, thereby fully realising all the visits planned in the programme. We visited ten institutions where persons serving a prison sentence or prisoners on remand are accommodated, 19 police stations, the Asylum Centre in Ljubljana and the Aliens Centre in Postojna, two psychiatric institutions, three special social care institutions, five nursing homes, one combined institution and four juvenile facilities. Four representatives of PIC, three representatives of the Slovenian Red Cross and three representatives of the Primus Institute participated in the visits. On the basis of special cooperation contracts, we also made use of the expertise of (for the time being) two external experts who, in addition to their area of expertise, also assess conditions in the institutions from the perspective of torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The first one is an expert in education and psychology. She participates in all visits to juvenile facilities; after each visit, she submits her findings on the adequacy of educational activities provided by these institutions and the adequacy of social care for children and adolescents in them. The other person is an expert on medicine, specialising in psychiatry. She participates in planned visits to places of incarceration (particularly larger prisons, the Asylum Centre and the Aliens Centre) and submits her findings, particularly on the adequacy of health care and treatment of persons deprived of liberty. Other selected organisations perform their work with their own staff, who are trained for particular areas of supervision. They are always part of the group specified each time by the Ombudsman to visit a place of incarceration and to monitor the treatment of persons deprived of liberty. The time and place of the visit and the number of people involved in visiting a particular place of surveillance is specified by the Ombudsman. The programme of visits adopted in cooperation with the organisations in question, and, if necessary, other circumstances requiring a prompt visit, are taken into account. An exhaustive report on our findings was prepared after each visit. The report also covers proposals and recommendations for the elimination of irregularities and for the improvement of the situation, including measures to reduce the potential for improper treatment in the future. All members of the visiting group participate in preparing the report and make a brief written National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 9