Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011
ob ugotovitvi, da sta po ženevski konvenciji iz leta 19492 mučenje in nečloveško ravnanje
huda kršitev ter da je po statutu mednarodnega sodišča za sodni pregon oseb, odgovornih
za hujše kršitve mednarodnega humanitarnega prava, storjene na območju nekdanje
Jugoslavije od leta 1991, po statutu mednarodnega kazenskega sodišča za sodni pregon
oseb, odgovornih za genocid in druge hujše kršitve mednarodnega humanitarnega prava,
storjene na območju Ruande, in državljanov Ruande, odgovornih za genocid in druge takšne
kršitve, storjene na območju sosednjih držav med 1. januarjem 1994 in 31. decembrom
1994, ter po rimskem statutu mednarodnega kazenskega sodišča3 mučenje lahko kaznivo
dejanje zoper človečnost in, če je storjeno v oboroženem spopadu, vojno hudodelstvo,
ob odobravanju začetka veljavnosti Mednarodne konvencije za zaščito vseh oseb pred
prisilnim izginotjem4, ker bo njeno izvajanje znatno prispevalo k preprečevanju in prepovedi
mučenja, tudi s prepovedjo tajnih krajev odvzema prostosti in spodbujanjem držav, ki tega
še niso storile, da podpišejo ali ratificirajo konvencijo ali pristopijo k njej,
ob izrekanju priznanja za dolgotrajno prizadevanje organizacij civilne družbe, tudi nevladnih
organizacij, državnih institucij za človekove pravice, državnih preventivnih mehanizmov in
obsežne mreže centrov za rehabilitacijo žrtev mučenja, za preprečevanje mučenja in boj
proti njemu ter za lajšanje trpljenja žrtev mučenja,
zaradi hude zaskrbljenosti nad dejanji, ki lahko pomenijo mučenje in drugo kruto, nečloveško
ali poniževalno ravnanje ali kaznovanje, storjenih zoper osebe in njihove pravice do mirnega
zbiranja in svobode izražanja v vseh delih sveta,
1. Obsoja vse oblike mučenja in drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega
ravnanja ali kaznovanja, tudi ustrahovanje, ki so in bodo ostale prepovedane vedno
in povsod in zato nikoli ne morejo biti upravičene, ter poziva vse države k celovitemu
izvajanju popolne in neodtujljive prepovedi mučenja in drugega krutega, nečloveškega
ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja;
2. Poudarja, da morajo države sprejeti trajne, odločne in učinkovite ukrepe za preprečevanje
mučenja in drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja
ter za boj proti vsemu temu, poudarja, da naj v notranji kazenski zakonodaji opredelijo
mučenje kot kaznivo dejanje, in jih spodbuja, da z notranjo zakonodajo prepovejo
dejanja krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja;
3. Pozdravlja vzpostavitev državnih mehanizmov za preprečevanje mučenja, nečloveškega
ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja, poziva države, da vzpostavijo, določijo,
vzdržujejo ali krepijo samostojne in učinkovite mehanizme s potrebnim znanjem
za opravljanje nadzornih obiskov krajev odvzema prostosti, med drugim zaradi
preprečevanja mučenja ali drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja
ali kaznovanja, in poziva države pogodbenice Opcijskega protokola h Konvenciji proti
mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju5, da izpolnijo
obveznost glede določitve ali vzpostavitve resnično neodvisnih in učinkovitih državnih
preventivnih mehanizmov;
2
3
4
5
144
Ibid., zv. 75, št. 970–973.
Ibid., zv. 2187, št. 38544.
Resolucija 61/177, priloga
Zbirka pogodb Združenih narodov, zv. 2375, št. 24841.
Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN
proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju
Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011
Noting that, under the Geneva Conventions of 19492, torture and inhuman treatment are a
grave breach and that, under the statute of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of
Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed
in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, the statute of the International Criminal
Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious
Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and
Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the
Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994 and the Rome
Statute of the International Criminal Court3, acts of torture can constitute crimes against
humanity and, when committed in a situation of armed conflict, constitute war crimes,
Welcoming the entry into force of the International Convention for the Protection of All
Persons from Enforced Disappearance4, the implementation of which will make a significant
contribution to the prevention and prohibition of torture, including by prohibiting secret places
of detention, and encouraging all States that have not done so to consider signing, ratifying
or acceding to the Convention,
Commending the persistent efforts of civil society organizations, including non-governmental
organizations, national human rights institutions and national preventive mechanisms, and
the considerable network of centres for the rehabilitation of victims of torture, to prevent and
combat torture and to alleviate the suffering of victims of torture,
Deeply concerned with all acts which can amount to torture and other cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment committed against persons exercising their rights of
peaceful assembly and freedom of expression in all regions of the world,
1. Condemns all forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment, including through intimidation, which are and shall remain prohibited at
any time and in any place whatsoever and can thus never be justified, and calls upon all
States to implement fully the absolute and non-derogable prohibition of torture and other
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
2. Emphasizes that States must take persistent, determined and effective measures to
prevent and combat all acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment, stresses that all acts of torture must be made offences under domestic
criminal law, and encourages States to prohibit under domestic law acts constituting
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
3. Welcomes the establishment of national preventive mechanisms to prevent torture
and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, urges States to
consider establishing, appointing, maintaining or enhancing independent and effective
mechanisms with qualified expertise to undertake monitoring visits to places of detention,
inter alia with a view to preventing acts of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment, and calls upon States parties to the Optional Protocol to
the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment5 to fulfil their obligation to designate or establish truly independent and
effective national preventive mechanisms;
2
3
4
5
Ibid., vol. 75, Nos. 970-973.
Ibid., vol. 2187, No. 38544.
Resolution 61/177, annex.
United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2375, No. 24841.
National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to
the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
145
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