Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011 Obiski v zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora, mladoletniškega zapora in prevzgojnega doma V letu 2011 smo v okviru izvajanja nalog in pooblastil DPM obiskali deset od skupno štirinajstih lokacij, na katerih delujejo dislocirane notranje organizacijske enote Uprave za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij (v nadaljevanju: UIKS). To so zavodi za prestajanje kazni zapora (v nadaljevanju: ZPKZ) oziroma njihovi oddelki in prevzgojni dom: ZPKZ Koper, Odprti oddelek Ig ZPKZ Ljubljana, Oddelek Nova Gorica ZPKZ Koper, Prevzgojni dom Radeče, ZPKZ Ljubljana, Zavod za prestajanje mladoletniškega zapora in kazni zapora Celje (v nadaljevanju: ZPMZ in KZ Celje), ZPKZ Ig, Oddelek Murska Sobota ZPKZ Maribor, Odprti oddelek Rogoza ZPKZ Maribor in Polodprti oddelek Slovenska vas ZPKZ Dob pri Mirni. DPM je Polodprti oddelek Slovenska vas ZPKZ Dob pri Mirni obiskal prvič, pet od omenjenih lokacij smo obiskali že leto prej (Odprti oddelek Ig ZPKZ Ljubljana, ZPKZ Ljubljana, ZPMZ in KZ Celje, Oddelek Murska Sobota ZPKZ Maribor in Odprti oddelek Rogoza ZPKZ Maribor), v štirih pa smo bili nazadnje pred dvema letoma (ZPKZ Koper, Oddelek Nova Gorica ZPKZ Koper, Prevzgojni dom Radeče, ZPKZ Ig). Pri štirih od navedenih obiskov je sodeloval po en predstavnik pogodbenih nevladnih organizacij, pri preostalih šestih pa po dva. Pogodbena izvedenka za področje zdravstvenega varstva je sodelovala pri šestih obiskih, in sicer v ZPKZ Koper, Prevzgojnega doma Radeče, ZPKZ Ljubljana, ZPMZ in KZ Celje, ZPKZ Ig in Polodprtega oddelka Slovenska vas ZPKZ Dob pri Mirni. V polovici primerov smo obisk prej napovedali. Vsi obiski navedenih lokacij so bili opravljeni v enem dnevu, z izjemo dvodnevnega obiska ZPKZ Koper. Obsegali so uvodni pogovor z vodstvom zavoda, ogled prostorov in pogovore z zaprtimi osebami. DPM je v letu 2011 obiskom te vrste krajev odvzema prostosti namenil skupno 11 dni. V seštevku je bilo tam takrat 713 zaprtih oseb, od tega 429 obsojencev oziroma obsojenk (prišteti so tudi mladoletniki oziroma mladoletnice z vzgojnim ukrepom oddaje v prevzgojni dom), 270 pripornikov oziroma pripornic in 14 oseb, zoper katere se je izvajal uklonilni zapor. Poročila o posameznih obiskih (v skrajšani obliki) in ugotovitve DPM v zvezi z njimi so dostopna na spletni strani Varuha www.varuh-rs.si, v nadaljevanju pa izpostavljamo nekatere najbolj pomembne ugotovitve. Šest zavodov je bilo prezasedenih, ZPKZ Ig, ZPMZ in KZ Celje in Oddelek Nova Gorica ZPKZ Koper v priporniškem delu, Odprti oddelek Rogoza ZPKZ Maribor in ZPKZ Koper pri obsojencih, ZPKZ Ljubljana pa tako pri obsojencih kot tudi pri pripornikih. Pri zadnjih velja kot posebej kritično omeniti predvsem kar 160-odstotno prezasedenost glede na uradno zmogljivost za pripornike v tem zavodu. Spodbudno je, da smo lahko razmere ali prakso v zavodih oziroma njihovih oddelkih posebej pohvalili v 46 primerih. Posebej želimo izpostaviti prakso v. d. direktorice v ZPKZ Koper, ki opravi obhod po zavodu vsaj dvakrat tedensko (enkrat tedensko ob obisku predsednika sodišča), saj ima dovolj pogost neposreden stik z zaprtimi osebami po naši presoji pozitiven učinek. V zavodu so zaposlili pravnika, ki daje pravno pomoč zaprtim osebam, vodi disciplinske postopke, sodeluje pri pogojnih odpustih, na strokovnih skupinah ipd., kar nedvomno vpliva na pravno varnost zaprtih oseb. Z namestitvijo telefonske govorilnice na sprehajališču v ZPMZ in KZ Celje je tam tudi pripornikom zagotovljeno praktično neomejeno telefoniranje med bivanjem na prostem. 12 Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011 Visit to prisons, a juvenile prison and a youth detention centre In exercising the duties and powers of the DPM, ten out of fourteen locations where dislocated internal organisational units of the Prison Administration (hereinafter referred to as UIKS) were visited in 2011. These are prisons (hereinafter referred to as ZPKZ) or their sections and a youth detention centre: ZPKZ Koper, Ig Open Prison Section of ZPKZ Ljubljana, Nova Gorica Section of ZPKZ Koper, Radeče Youth Detention Centre, ZPKZ Ljubljana, Celje Prison and Juvenile Prison (hereinafter referred to as ZPMZ and KZ Celje), ZPKZ Ig, Murska Sobota Section of ZPKZ Maribor, Rogoza Open Prison Section of ZPKZ Maribor and Slovenska vas Semi-open Prison Section of ZPKZ Dob pri Mirni. The DPM visited the Slovenska vas Semi-open Prison Section of ZPKZ Dob pri Mirni for the first time; five of the above locations had been visited a year before (Ig Open Prison Section of ZPKZ Ljubljana, ZPKZ Ljubljana, ZPMZ and KZ Celje, Murska Sobota Section of ZPKZ Maribor and Rogoza Open Prison Section of ZPKZ Maribor), and four two years ago (ZPKZ Koper, Nova Gorica Section of ZPKZ Koper, Radeče Youth Detention Centre, ZPKZ Ig). One representative of each contractual non-governmental organisation participated in four of the above visits, and two in the remaining six. The contractual expert for the field of health care participated in six visits, namely to ZPKZ Koper, Radeče Youth Detention Centre, ZPKZ Ljubljana, ZPMZ and KZ Celje, ZPKZ Ig and Slovenska vas Semi-open Prison Section of ZPKZ Dob pri Mirni. In half of the cases, the visits were announced beforehand. All visits to the above locations lasted one day, except for the visit to ZPKZ Koper, which lasted two days. The visits comprised an introductory interview with the prison management, an inspection of rooms and interviews with prisoners. In 2011, the DPM spent 11 days on visits to these places of incarceration. In total, these places accommodated 713 imprisoned persons, of whom 429 were convicted (including adolescents in youth detention centre), 270 detained and 14 in compliance detention. Reports on each visit (in abbreviated form) and the related findings of the DPM are available on the Ombudsman’s web site www.varuh-rs.si; the most important findings are emphasised below. Six institutions were overcrowded: ZPKZ Ig, ZPMZ and KZ Celje, and the Nova Gorica Section of ZPKZ Koper in the part for detention, the Rogoza Open Prison Section of ZPKZ Maribor and ZPKZ Koper in the area where convicted persons were, and ZPKZ Ljubljana in the areas for convicted and detained persons. It should be particularly mentioned that the latter prison was overcrowded by 160 per cent with regard to the official capacity for detained persons. It is encouraging that the situation or practice in the institutions or their sections could be especially commended in 45 cases. We would like to point out the practice of the Acting Director of ZPKZ Koper, who makes a round at least twice per week (one per week when the president of court visits), since we believe sufficiently frequent direct contact with imprisoned persons has a positive effect. The institution employed a lawyer who provides legal aid to the imprisoned persons, leads disciplinary proceedings, participates in release on parole, and in expert groups etc., which definitely influences the legal security of the imprisoned persons. The installation of a telephone booth in the recreational yard in ZPMZ and KZ Celje has enabled detained persons to have practically unlimited telephone contact during their period outdoors. National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 13