iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The development of this document was coordinated by Carina Ferreira-Borges, Programme Manager, Alcohol, Illicit Drugs and Prison Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe, who was also part of the core group for the development of this publication. The work was developed under the leadership of Dr João Breda, head of the WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, and in consultation with the Incident Management Team of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme, WHO Regional Office for Europe, and WHO headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland. Contributions were received from Masoud Dara, Coordinator, Communicable Diseases, Division of Health Emergencies and Communicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for Europe; Jeffrey Gilbert, IMT_COVID-19, Information Management, WHO, Beijing, China; Filipa Alves da Costa, WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases; Fahmy Hanna, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO headquarters; Kanokporn Kaojaroen, Health and Migration Programme, WHO headquarters; Teresa Zakaria, Elizabeth Armstrong Bancroft, Rudi Coninx, Adelheid Marschang and Maria Van Kerkhove, Health Emergencies Programme, WHO headquarters. WHO is very grateful to the following experts, who constituted the core group for the development of this publication (in alphabetical order): • Daniel Lopez-Acuña, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain • Éamonn O’Moore, National Lead for Health and Justice, Public Health England, and Director, UK Collaborating Centre for WHO Health in Prisons Programme • Lara Tavoschi, Senior researcher in public health, University of Pisa, Italy • Marc Lehmann, Medical adviser, Ministry of Justice State of Berlin, Berlin, Germany • Stefan Enggist, Federal Department of Home Affairs, Federal Office of Public Health, Department of Communicable Diseases, Switzerland • Sunita Sturup-Toft, Public Health Specialist, Public Health England, and UK Collaborating Centre for WHO Health in Prisons Programme. WHO is also grateful for the insights and contributions provided by the following reviewers: Elena Leclerc, Health Programme Coordinator, Health Care in Detention, Health Unit, Assistance Programme, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland Erika Duffell, Air-Borne, Blood-Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, DPR, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Hans Wolff, Service de médecine pénitentiaire, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, Switzerland Fadi Meroueh, Chef de Service Unité Sanitaire CHU de Montpellier, France, Health Without Barriers (HWB) President Gary Forrest, Chief Executive, Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Australia Hanna Hemminki-Salin, Chief Physician of Outpatient Services, Health Services for Prisoners, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland