62
Copenhagen 1990
access for election proceedings held below the national level. Such observers will undertake
not to interfere in the electoral proceedings.
II
(9) The participating States reaffirm that
(9.1) - everyone will have the right to freedom of expression including the right to communication. This right will include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information
and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. The exercise of
this right may be subject only to such restrictions as are prescribed by law and are consistent
with international standards. In particular, no limitation will be imposed on access to, and
use of, means of reproducing documents of any kind, while respecting, however, rights relating to intellectual property, including copyright;
(9.2) - everyone will have the right of peaceful assembly and demonstration. Any restrictions
which may be placed on the exercise of these rights will be prescribed by law and consistent
with international standards;
(9.3) - the right of association will be guaranteed. The right to form and — subject to the general right of a trade union to determine its own membership — freely to join a trade union will
be guaranteed. These rights will exclude any prior control. Freedom of association for workers, including the freedom to strike, will be guaranteed, subject to limitations prescribed by
law and consistent with international standards;
(9.4) - everyone will have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right
includes freedom to change one’s religion or belief and freedom to manifest one’s religion or
belief, either alone or in community with others, in public or in private, through worship,
teaching, practice and observance. The exercise of these rights may be subject only to such restrictions as are prescribed by law and are consistent with international standards;
(9.5) - they will respect the right of everyone to leave any country, including his own, and to
return to his country, consistent with a State’s international obligations and CSCE commitments. Restrictions on this right will have the character of very rare exceptions, will be considered necessary only if they respond to a specific public need, pursue a legitimate aim and
are proportionate to that aim, and will not be abused or applied in an arbitrary manner;
(9.6) - everyone has the right peacefully to enjoy his property either on his own or in common
with others. No one may be deprived of his property except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and consistent with international commitments and
obligations.
(10) In reaffirming their commitment to ensure effectively the rights of the individual to know
and act upon human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to contribute actively, individually or in association with others, to their promotion and protection, the participating States express their commitment to
(10.1) - respect the right of everyone, individually or in association with others, to seek, receive
and impart freely views and information on human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the rights to disseminate and publish such views and information;
(10.2) - respect the rights of everyone, individually or in association with others, to study
and discuss the observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms and to develop and
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