CAT/C/ECU/CO/4-6 the border, the Committee is deeply concerned about the reports received of continual abuses and acts of violence against the civilian population, and in particular asylum-seekers and refugees of Colombian nationality, committed by illegal armed groups and members of the Ecuadorian and Colombian security forces (arts. 1–3, 10 and 16). The Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the physical integrity of the civilian population in the provinces on the border with Colombia, including the refugees and asylum-seekers under its jurisdiction; (b) Ensure that investigations are carried out into the murders and abuses committed in this region and that the perpetrators of such acts are brought before the courts; (c) Continue mandatory in-service training programmes on human rights, asylum and migration for members of the State party’s armed and security forces, and give priority to those police and military personnel serving or due to serve in border areas; (d) Conduct a periodic review of the contents of the Guide to Human Rights and Human Mobility for members of the State party’s armed and security forces. 15. The Committee notes with deep concern the wealth of documentation received about acts of abuse and sexual assaults on female refugees and asylum-seekers, allegedly committed by members of the State security forces and the Ecuadorian armed forces. The Committee has received information on women and girls, most of whom are of Colombian nationality, who are sexually assaulted or compelled to have sexual relations under threat of expulsion. The Committee draws the attention of the State party to recent cases in which Colombian asylum-seekers were returned in June 2010 and the summary expulsion of another in October 2010 before a decision had been handed down on his appeal (arts. 1–4 and 16). The State party should: (a) Ensure that thorough investigations are carried out into abuses committed against refugees and asylum-seekers, and in particular women and girls; (b) Ensure that such acts do not go unpunished and that the appropriate criminal, civil and administrative liabilities are determined; (c) Take the measures necessary to ensure that persons under its jurisdiction are fairly treated at all stages of the asylum procedure, and in particular that they receive an effective, impartial and independent review of the decision to expel, return or deport them; (d) Ensure compliance with and proper application by the police commissioner (the provincial police authority) and provincial migration police chiefs of the protocol applicable to deportation procedures and, failing this, hand down the appropriate penalties; (e) Take the legislative or other measures necessary to facilitate the integration of refugees and asylum-seekers; (f) Strengthen campaigns to raise awareness of the conflict in Colombia and the situation of persons who come to Ecuador in search of refuge, as well as awareness-raising measures that could help eliminate discriminatory or xenophobic attitudes. GE.11-40392 5