3 PRINCIPLE 3 AND RELATED GUIDELINES: ANTI-TRAFFICKING MEASURES NOT TO AFFECT ESTABLISHED RIGHTS ADVERSELY Anti-trafficking measures shall not adversely affect the human rights or dignity of persons, in particular the rights of those who have been trafficked, or of migrants, internally displaced persons, refugees or asylum-seekers. rights treaty bodies;137 the Special Rapporteur on violence against women;138 and the Special This recognition is evident in the Human Rights Committee’s repeated recommendation to States that their responses to trafficking should give prominent attention to the human rights of the victims: Yemen (CCPR/CO/84/ YEM, para. 17); Tajikistan (CCPR/CO/84/TJK, para. 24); Thailand (CCPR/CO/84/THA, para. 20); Kenya (CCPR/ CO/83/KEN, para. 25); Greece (CCPR/CO/83/GRC, para. 10); Barbados (CCPR/C/BRB/CO/3, para. 8). See also the recommendations contained in the concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Guatemala (CEDAW/C/ GUA/CO/7, para. 26); El Salvador (CEDAW/C/SLV/ CO/7, para. 23); Myanmar (CEDAW/C/MMR/CO/3, para. 27); Portugal (CEDAW/C/PRT/CO/7, paras. 34-35); Lebanon (CEDAW/C/LBN/CO/3, para. 29); Morocco (CEDAW/C/MAR/CO/4, para. 23); Brazil (CEDAW/C/BRA/CO/6, para. 24); Estonia (CEDAW/C/ EST/CO/4, para. 19); Honduras (CEDAW/C/HON/ CO/6, para. 21); Hungary (CEDAW/C/HUN/ CO/6, para. 23); Pakistan (CEDAW/C/PAK/CO/3, paras. 30-31); Syrian Arab Republic (CEDAW/C/ SYR/CO/1, para. 24); Kazakhstan (CEDAW/C/ KAZ/CO/2, para. 18); Maldives (CEDAW/C/MDV/ CO/3, para. 22); Peru (CEDAW/C/PER/CO/6, para. 31); Viet Nam (CEDAW/C/VNM/CO/6, paras. 18-19); China (CEDAW/C/CHN/CO/6, paras. 1920); Georgia (CEDAW/C/GEO/CO/3, para. 22); Uzbekistan (CEDAW/C/UZB/CO/3, para. 26); Malaysia (CEDAW/C/MYS/CO/2, para. 24); Israel (A/60/38(SUPP), para. 250). 137 3.1. PURPOSE AND CONTEXT Measures taken to address trafficking can have an adverse impact on the rights and freedoms of trafficked persons and others,135 and recent reports have documented the many ways in which anti-trafficking measures can interfere with established rights.136 This danger has been repeatedly recognized by United Nations human See further Gallagher, “Human rights and human trafficking: quagmire or firm ground?”, pp. 831-833. For a more detailed consideration of the “obligation of a lawful response”, see Gallagher, International Law of Human Trafficking, chap. 9. 135 See, for example, Global Alliance against Trafficking in Women, Collateral Damage: the Impact of AntiTrafficking Measures on Human Rights Around the World (2007) and Anne Gallagher and Elaine Pearson, “The high cost of freedom: a legal and policy analysis of shelter detention for victims of trafficking”, Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 32, No. 1. 136 138 See, for example, E/CN.4/2000/68, paras. 42-48. COMMENTARY 83