•• The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1997); •• The Optional Protocol to the above-mentioned Convention (2006); •• The European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1987); •• Istanbul Protocol: Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (“Istanbul Protocol”) (United Nations; New York and Geneva, 2001 – 2004); •• •• •• •• Principles and case-law of the European Court of Human Rights; 3rd General Report on the CPT’s activities – healthcare services in prisons; The UN Minimum Standard Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (1955); The UN Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment (1989); •• The European Prison Rules (2006); •• Recommendation No. R (87) 3 of the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers (1987); •• Recommendation No. R (98) 7 of the Council of Europe Committee of Minis- ters to member states concerning the ethical and organizational aspects of health care in prison (Strasbourg, 20 April 1998); •• Consensus Statement on Mental Health Promotion in Prisons, WHO Regional Office for Europe Health in Prisons Project (The Hague, Netherlands, 18–21 November 1998) •• The UN international principles of medical ethics (1982) •• The World Medical Association: Declaration of Tokyo (1975), Declaration of Hamburg (1997), Geneva Declaration (1948), Declaration of Malta (1991, 2006), Helsinki Resolution (2003, 2007); •• A Guide to International Instruments and Mechanisms against Torture, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT) (as of 4 July 2007) •• Health in Prisons, A WHO guide to the essentials in prison health; •• The Madrid recommendation: health protection in prisons as an essential part of public health (WHO, 2010). Reforms implemented in the penitentiary healthcare system and current challenges are discussed below in the relevant chapters. NATIONAL PREVENTIVE MECHANISM OF GEORGIA 83