Human Rights Thomas Moore, Deputy Head of the OSCE Mission to Serbia, holds up a copy of ODIHR’s Handbook on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Armed Forces Personnel at a roundtable for military attachés in Belgrade, May 20. (OSCE/Milan Obradovic) and inadequate prevention and victim identification and assistance, particularly with regard to labour trafficking. Human rights protection for victims and vulnerable groups is still largely absent from participating States’ responses to trafficking, as they encounter significant challenges in translating their commitments on human trafficking for labour exploitation into practice. The result is reminiscent of action against the trafficking of human beings for sexual exploitation more than a decade ago, with victims not being identified and assisted but, instead, punished, criminalized and stigmatized as “irregulars” or even “illegals”, with no justice being delivered. In some countries, adequate protection of the rights of trafficked persons is also hindered by the absence of a general victim’s rights culture among state authorities and the lack of victim-sensitive support mechanisms. Human Rights, Women and Security Men and women have both the right and the responsibility to contribute to maintaining security and stability in their communities. This can be ensured through equal participation and advancement of women in security-sector institutions and peacekeeping efforts. Furthermore, all security programmes and policies must take into account the different needs and 38 ODIHR Annual Report 2010 vulnerabilities of men and women before, during and after conflicts. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security was the first to take such matters into account. Subsequent UN Security Council resolutions reaffirm the international community’s resolve to promote women within the security sector and address violence against women in conflict. The participating States have built on this body of work, with the OSCE Action Plan for the Promotion of Gender Equality and OSCE Ministerial Council Decision No. 14/05, “Women in Conflict Prevention, Crisis Management, and Post-Conflict Rehabilitation”. ODIHR works to demonstrate the impact of gender mainstreaming in security policy and programmes and to help ensure that the dayto-day decision-making process in the security sector benefits men and women equally. Activities Support for Human Rights Defenders and National Human Rights Institutions ODIHR continued its activities in 2010 aimed at strengthening national human rights institutions and civil society, and their co-operation with governments. Following up on the 2009 Regional Roundtable on Freedom of Association