Tolerance and non-discrimination Further work with social-network providers is planned in 2011 to assess the occurrence of hate-motivated discourse on the Internet and to identify concrete measures governments, civil society and those who run social-network sites can take to tackle the problem without infringing on freedom of expression. Responding to Anti-Semitism ODIHR works to fight anti-Semitism in the OSCE region in co-operation with individual governments, as well as with NGOs and intergovernmental organizations. Educational initiatives, such as country-specific teaching materials ODIHR has helped develop on historical and contemporary anti-Semitism, including the history of the persecution of Jews in Europe, are an important element in ODIHR’s activities in this area. Fourteen participating States have produced country-specific versions of these materials to date, and 48 training sessions have been conducted for teachers on how best to use them in the classroom. The national experts responsible for developing the teaching materials for 12 of the participating States involved in the project met in Berlin from 26 to 28 May to assess experiences from the programme, share good practices, and plan strategies for the further implementation of the materials. ODIHR also organized a meeting on 7 and 8 November for representatives of ministries of education across the OSCE region to discuss their experiences in the field of combating antiSemitism through education. The aim of the meeting was to identify successful approaches, share good practices, and discuss challenges in this field, as well as to raise awareness of ­ODIHR’s teaching materials. The Office also participated in a trainingof-trainers event in Vilnius on 3 December, organized jointly by the United States Embassy in Lithuania, the Jewish Museum of Lithuania and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, under the auspices of the Lithuanian Ministry of Education. The event provided insights into combating anti-Semitism in schools for teacher trainers in Lithuania. Responding to Intolerance against Muslims ODIHR initiated a partnership in 2010 with UNESCO and the Council of Europe, aimed at developing guidelines for educators on intolerance and discrimination against Muslims. The purpose of this project is to assist educators in 52 ODIHR Annual Report 2010 identifying stereotypes and prejudices against Muslims and to provide guidance on how to confront them in schools. These guidelines, to be published in 2011, will be complemented by country-specific teaching materials, which will be developed in upcoming years. Following a referendum in Switzerland in 2009 on the banning of minarets there, ODIHR and the Swiss Federal Commission against Racism (FCR) explored ways to promote dialogue and co-operation between civil society representatives and government in order to combat intolerance and discrimination against Muslims in Switzerland. One outcome of these discussions was a roundtable event in Bern on 23 October, organized by ODIHR and FCR, at which community leaders and representatives of Muslim NGOs explored the possibility of creating of a Muslim umbrella organization for Switzerland. Promoting Freedom of Religion or Belief Freedom of religion or belief was the topic at one Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting held in 2010. The event in Vienna, on 9 and 10 December, provided an opportunity for 250 participants, including representatives of 90 civil society organizations, to exchange views and experiences on local and national policies and practices related to the implementation of OSCE commitments in this area. In addition to discussing a number of emerging issues and challenges, participants also made recommendations aimed at protecting the freedom of religion or belief. The Warsaw segment of the 2010 OSCE Review Conference also provided an important forum for the discussion of freedom-of-religion issues. In addition to the official session on the topic, on 1 October, ODIHR’s Advisory Council on Freedom of Religion or Belief held a side event that included an informal and open discussion on the current situation in the OSCE area related to this freedom.