9.5 There being insufficient evidence of a causal link between the expulsion of the complainant in 1999 and the acts of torture to which she claims to have been subjected in 2001, the Committee considers that the State party cannot be said to have violated article 3 of the Convention in enforcing the expulsion order. 10. The Committee against Torture, acting under article 22, paragraph 7, of the Convention, consequently concludes that the expulsion of the complainant to Spain did not constitute a violation of article 3 of the Convention. Notes a This form of torture consists in covering the head with a plastic bag to cause asphyxia. b Communication No. 63/1997, Views adopted on 9 November 1999, para. 11.5. c See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-third Session, Supplement No. 44 (A/53/44), para. 145. d Communication No. 99/1997, Views adopted on 16 May 1997. 126