ENDNOTES 388 ‘Isolating terrorists in jail hardens extremist beliefs, prisons study finds’, The Guardian, 18 December 2018, www.theguardian.com/ australia-news/2018/dec/18/isolatingterrorists-in-jail-hardens-extremist-beliefsprisons-study-finds. 389 Ibid. 390 Radicalisation Awareness Network, EX POST PAPER Triple P: Coordination and collaboration between police, prison and probation services in dealing with violent extremist and terrorist offenders, September 2018. 391 ‘‘Few’ violent extremists radicalised in jail, report finds’, The Guardian, 6 June 2018, www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/ jun/07/few-violent-extremists-radicalised-injail-report-finds. PART 5 Role and use of technologies 392 ‘Ghana Prison Service to Automate Records on Prisoners’, Modern Ghana, 14 June 2018, www.modernghana.com/news/861082/ ghana-prison-service-to-automate-recordson-prisoners.html. 393 ‘Singapore Prison Service towards total digitisation’, Justice Trends, 4 February 2019, justice-trends.press/singapore-prisonservice-towards-total-digitisation. 394 ‘UK’s courts system ‘on its knees’ following major IT failure, lawyers’ association says’, The Independent, 22 January 2019, www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ home-news/courts-it-outage-computeremail-wifi-moj-budget-cuts-criminal-barassociation-a8740656.html. 395 Ibid. 396 ‘New tech system to detect prison fights, multi-use wrist tags for inmates rolled out in Singapore’, South China Morning Post, 25 June 2018, www.scmp.com/news/ asia/southeast-asia/article/2151956/newtech-system-detect-prison-fights-multiuse-wrist-tags. 397 Ibid. 398 ‘Prisons exploring use of digital platforms to help ex-offenders better reintegrate into society’, Channel NewsAsia, 11 January 2019, www.channelnewsasia.com/news/ singapore/prisons-exploring-use-of-digitalplatforms-to-help-ex-offenders-11109338. 52 | 399 ‘China’s Prisons go Digital for Inmate Convenience and Clean Management’, South China Morning Post, 18 January 2019, www.scmp.com/news/china/ society/article/2182770/chinas-prisonsgo-digital-inmate-convenience-and-cleanmanagement. 400 Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators, ‘Innovative Technology Solutions to Enhance Operational and Rehabilitation Capabilities’, Newsletter of the Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators, Issue 41, August 2016, p22. 401 Information provided by Penal Reform International (MENA Office). 402 ‘Computers in cells for SA inmates’, City Press, 21 May 2018, city-press.news24. com/News/computers-in-cells-for-sainmates-20180519. 403 ‘Digital Open university increase its prison reach’, Russell Webster, 6 November 2018, www.russellwebster.com/oupris18. 404 ‘A view of tomorrow’, The Marshall Project, 17 July 2018, www.themarshallproject. org/2018/07/17/a-view-of-tomorrow, ‘Virtual reality unlocking educational doors for inmates’, Radio New Zealand, 26 November 2018, www.radionz.co.nz/news/ national/376842/virtual-reality-unlockingeducational-doors-for-inmates. 405 ‘Virtual reality unlocking educational doors for inmates’, Radio New Zealand, 26 November 2018, www.radionz.co.nz/ news/national/376842/virtual-realityunlocking-educational-doors-for-inmates. 406 ‘Can coding give Kenya’s women prisoners a second chance?’, BBC News, 9 October 2018, www.bbc.co.uk/news/ business-44852497. 407 ‘Should Social Media Be Banned in Prison’, Pew, 13 January 2017, www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-andanalysis/blogs/stateline/2017/01/13/shouldsocial-media-be-banned-in-prison. 408 ‘Tweeting jailbirds: social media use by prisoners triples’, The Guardian, 9 July 2018, www.theguardian.com/society/2018/jul/09/ tweeting-jailbirds-social-media-use-byprisoners-triples. 409 ‘UK Ministry of Justice using data to gain control of prisons’, ZDNet, 6 March 2018, www.zdnet.com/article/uk-ministry-ofjustice-using-data-to-gain-control-of-prisons. 410 ‘Prisons across the U.S. are quietly building databases of incarcerated people’s voice prints’, The Intercept, 30 January 2019, theintercept.com/2019/01/30/prison-voiceprints-databases-securus. PART 6 Alternatives to imprisonment 411 Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics, SPACE II: Non-custodial sanctions and measures, wp.unil.ch/space/space-ii. 412 Community Supervision Solutions in partnership with the American Probation and Parole Association (APPA), SAW Project, “Supervision Around the World”, communitysupervisionsolutions.com/ saw-project. 413 ‘Get out of jail card: Russia plans penal work option for prisoners with non-felony convictions’, RT, 13 June 2018, www.rt.com/ business/429612-russia-prisoners-labor-law. 414 ‘Community service sought for minor offences’, Philstar Global, 6 February 2019, www.philstar.com/ headlines/2019/02/06/1891278/communityservice-sought-minor-offenses. 415 ‘Romanian Parliament committee OKs weekend jail draft bill’ Romania Insider, 24 April 2018, www.romania-insider.com/ arliament-committee-ok-weekend-jail. 416 ‘Young Dutch cyber criminals get re-education rather than jail time’, Computer Weekly, 22 January 2019, www.computerweekly.com/ news/252456247/Young-Dutch-cybercriminals-get-re-education-ratherthan-jail-time. 417 ‘Probation and Parole systems Marked by High Stakes, Missed Opportunities’, Pew, 25 September 2018, www.pewtrusts.org/ research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2018/09/ probation-and-parole-systems-marked-byhigh-stakes-missed-opportunities. 418 Andrew Bushnell, Institute of Public Affairs, Making Community Corrections Work, May 2018, Executive Summary, p3. 419 National Audit Office, Transforming Rehabilitation: Progress review, 1 March 2019, Summary, p10. 420 ‘Digital shackles’: the unexpected cruelty of ankle monitors’, The Guardian, 28 August 2018, www.theguardian.com/ technology/2018/aug/28/digital-shacklesthe-unexpected-cruelty-of-ankle-monitors. 421 ‘Ministry of Justice announces release of long awaited bracelets for prisoners’, Radio Praha, 21 September 2018, www.radio.cz/ en/section/curraffrs/ministry-of-justiceannounces-release-of-long-awaited-anklebracelets-for-prisoners. 422 ‘Prison Reform around the World: The Need for an Alternative Approach’, Justice and Prisons, 2 July 2018, justiceandprisons. org/?p=5626. Penal Reform International and Thailand Institute of Justice | Global Prison Trends 2019