■■ Ensure that trainers use adult-centred learning and TOT techniques; ■■ Create the expectation that those trained will themselves all conduct training or distribute pertinent information; ■■ Alternatively, focus on those already involved in training others in the profession, so that they develop the knowledge and skills necessary to incorporate human rights effectively into their own teaching programmes; ■■ Be evaluated. Materials on the relevant human rights issues should be made available in writing both during and after the course to make them easier to share. Effective pre-course questionnaires allow trainers to prepare a programme that precisely meets the educational needs of the audience and provide them with information about expectations. Post-course evaluations allow trainers to gauge what participants have learned from the course. They can also help NHRIs modify and improve their courses, which should be a continuous process. Since the objective of the training is not only to ensure that professionals understand the appropriate human rights standard but also to effect change, longer-term evaluations should be considered. For prison guards, for example, an institution may want to see if it can establish a correlation between training and the incidence of alleged or proven human rights violations. Professional training: Training law enforcement personnel, prison officials and the armed forces Prison guards, law enforcement officials and army personnel deal with populations that are particularly vulnerable to human rights abuses. In addition, they have specific and direct obligations to ensure that human rights standards are respected in their dayto-day work, including through their specific operating procedures. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has a range of material available for training this group of professionals: No. 5 Human Rights and Law Enforcement: A Manual on Human Rights Training for the Police No. 5/Add.1 International Human Rights Standards for Law Enforcement: A Pocket Book on Human Rights for the Police No. 5/Add.2 Human Rights and Law Enforcement: A Trainer’s Guide on Human Rights for the Police No. 5/Add.3 Human Rights Standards and Practice for the Police: Expanded Pocket Book on Human Rights for the Police No. 11 Human Rights and Prisons: A Manual on Human Rights Training for Prison Officials No. 11/Add. 1 Human Rights and Prisons: A Compilation of International Human Rights Instruments concerning the Administration of Justice No. 11/Add. 2 Human Rights and Prisons: A Trainer’s Guide on Human Rights Training for Prison Officials No. 11/Add. 3 Human Rights and Prisons: A Pocket Book of International Human Rights Standards for Prison Officials 65