CAT/OP/UKR/1 83. The SPT further recommends that the Ukrainian authorities conduct a country-wide audit of the healthcare needs in places of deprivation of liberty, in order to urgently remedy both basic and specialised areas requiring attention. For example, the availability in institutions of dental care, mental and psychiatric healthcare and gynaecological services free of charge needs to be significantly increased. 84. The SPT came into contact with persons deprived of their liberty who were suffering from substance abuse, but noted a lack of specific treatment both for those suffering from such abuse or from withdrawal symptoms. 85. The SPT recommends that, in addition to ensuring that a routine medical examination be conducted upon admission to a place of detention, health professionals be available in places of detention to monitor and treat serious withdrawal symptoms, and any other consequences of substance abuse.43 86. The SPT noted that persons were screened for tuberculosis upon admission to institutions and that efforts were made to separate persons with tuberculosis from other detainees, and to provide treatment. Nevertheless, there were marked differences between institutions regarding both the conditions of detention of, and the treatment available to, those with tuberculosis. 87. The SPT recommends that steps be taken to harmonize and improve the conditions of detention and treatment provided to persons with tuberculosis. 88. The SPT was informed that the prevalence of HIV among inmates and detainees was unknown and that very few persons were willing to take an HIV test. A large proportion of deaths in custody were reportedly related to the combination of HIV and hepatitis B. 89. The SPT recommends that the Ukrainian authorities more proactively develop health promotion initiatives, inter alia on prevention of transmissible diseases, notably HIV, for instance through peer-based education. Recalling international guidelines on HIV/AIDS and human rights,44 the SPT recommends that in-prison voluntary and confidential testing be provided by trained medical staff, that pre- and post-testing counselling be provided, and that medical treatment be provided to inmates who test HIV positive, at least at an equivalent level to that in the general community. IV. Situation of persons deprived of their liberty A. Police stations and temporary holding facilities (ITTs) 1. Conditions of detention 90. Although there were some differences in the conditions of detention found in the various police stations visited, the SPT noted that persons were detained in conditions which were generally poor as regards space, hygiene, toilet facilities, natural light and ventilation. Limiters used to restrict the opening of doors in both ITTs and police stations were dangerous and could result in injury. 91. The material conditions in most of the temporary holding facilities (ITTs) visited were found to be considerably better, although the SPT did observe a lack of hygiene, natural light and ventilation in some places. Persons interviewed in ITTs indicated that they 43 44 16 European Prison Rules, Rule 42.3(d). International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights, 2006 Consolidated Version, Guideline 4, jointly published by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.