CAT/C/BHR/CO/2-3 and without benefiting from fundamental legal safeguards. The Committee is deeply concerned by reports that numerous persons who were deprived of their liberty have been subjected to torture or ill-treatment. It is particularly concerned about the situation of Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, Naji Fateel, Nabeel Rajab, Abduljalil al-Singace, Hussain Jawad and Abdulwahab Hussain, especially with regard to their access to medical care (arts. 2-3, 11-14 and 16). 33. The State party should: (a) Implement recommendation No. 1722 of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry with regard to the use of force, arrest, treatment of persons in custody, detention and prosecution in connection with the exercise of freedom of expression, assembly and association; (b) Release from detention human rights defenders and journalists who have allegedly been detained and imprisoned in retaliation for their work, including Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, Naji Fateel, Nabeel Rajab, Abduljalil al-Singace, Hussain Jawad and Abdulwahab Hussain; (c) Investigate promptly, thoroughly and impartially all allegations of harassment, arbitrary arrest, torture or ill-treatment of human rights defenders and journalists, prosecute and punish appropriately those found guilty while ensuring that they have access to justice and are guaranteed fundamental legal safeguards, and provide redress to the victims; (d) Refrain from using revocation of citizenship as a form of reprisal against human rights defenders, journalists and any other critics who are political activists and not in favour of the authorities. Violence against women, including domestic and sexual violence 34. The Committee is concerned that violence against women, including marital rape and domestic violence, are not separate crimes in the Criminal Code, and at the delay in the adoption of legislation in that regard. It is particularly concerned that article 353 of the Criminal Code exempts perpetrators of rape from prosecution and punishment if they marry their victims, and that article 334 reduces the penalties for perpetrators of crimes committed in the name of so-called honour (arts. 2, 12-14 and 16). 35. The State party should: (a) Define and include domestic violence, including sexual violence and marital rape, as specific criminal offences in its Criminal Code, with appropriate sanctions; (b) Amend the Criminal Code in order to repeal articles 334 and 353; (c) Expedite the adoption of the bill on domestic violence, on which drafting began in 2007; (d) Ensure that all allegations of violence against women, including domestic and sexual violence, are registered by the police and that all allegations of violence are promptly, impartially and effectively investigated and the perpetrators prosecuted and punished; (e) Ensure that victims of domestic violence benefit from protection, including restraining orders, and have access to medical and legal services, including counselling, redress and rehabilitation, as well as safe and adequate governmentfunded shelters throughout the country; (f) Provide mandatory training for police and other law enforcement officials, social workers, prosecutors and judges on the vulnerabilities of victims of gender-based and domestic violence. 9