100
260.
In fact, pretrial detention lessens a suspect’s possibilities of defense,
356
particularly when the person is poor and cannot rely on a defense counsel. It has also
been established that keeping pretrial detainees in police stations can undermine the right
357
Similarly, subjecting persons in pretrial detention to conditions of
to a defense.
imprisonment so poor that they harm their health, safety or wellbeing, means that
these detainees will be taking part in criminal proceedings at a disadvantage to the
prosecution. In this regard, the WGAD has also held that “[w]here conditions of
detention are so inadequate as to seriously weaken the pre-trial detainee and thereby
impair equality, a fair trial is no longer ensured, even if procedural fair-trial guarantees
358
are otherwise scrupulously observed.”
359
261.
Under the latest international standards, every person deprived of
liberty must have adequate opportunities, infrastructure and time to receive visits,
communicate and consult with his attorney with total confidentiality and without delay,
interception or censure. These interviews may be subject to visual surveillance, but third
parties may not be privy to the content. These conditions of confidentiality and noninterference apply to all forms of communication used by the inmates (telephone, mail
or message correspondence, as well). This means that officials at prison facilities must
not open letters or tap the phone calls made by inmates to their attorneys.
Additionally, communications between a person deprived of liberty and his attorney are
not admissible as evidence against him unless they are connected to an ongoing crime
or a plan to commit a crime in the future. This right of every person deprived of liberty
to communicate freely and privately with his attorney, may not be suspended or
restricted, except in emergency circumstances that shall be determined by law or
regulations issued in accordance with the law, when a judge or other authority so
deems it essential in order to maintain security and order.
262.
The Commission also notes that other de facto situations may arise
that infringe the right of persons in detention to have access to a means of defense,
such as the use of disproportionate (or even denigrating) search methods of the
360
attorneys who visit them in prison facilities, or of the inmates who go to meet with
356
UN, Subcommittee for the Prevention of Torture, Report on the visit of the Subcommittee on
Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to the Republic of
Paraguay, , CAT/OP/PRY/1, published on June 7, 2010, para. 64.
357
UN, Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Report on the Mission to El Salvador,
A/HRC/22/44/Add.2, published on January 11, 2013, para. 129.
358
UN, Working Group on Arbitrary Detentions, Annual Report submitted to the Human Rights
Council, E/CN.4/2005/6, published on December 1, 2004, para. 69; UN, Working Group on Arbitrary
Detentions, Annual Report submitted to the Human Rights Council, A/HRC/4/40, published on January 9,
2007, para. 66.
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Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, Rule 93; Body of Principles for the
Protection of All Persons Subject to Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, Principle 18; and UN, Basic
Principles on the Role of Lawyers, Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and Treatment
of Offenders, in Havana, Cuba, August 27, 1990, UN Doc. A/CONF.144/28/Rev.1 p. 118 (1990), Principle 8.
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Thus, for example, on the visit to El Salvador of the WGAD, it “received numerous reports that,
both in detention centers and prisons facilities, lawyers and public defenders are also subjected to rigorous
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