6. These guidelines complement and do not replace other standards relating to impunity. In particular, they neither replicate nor qualify the obligations and responsibilities of states under international law, including international humanitarian law and international criminal law, nor are they intended to resolve questions as to the relationship between international human rights law and other rules of international law. Nothing in these guidelines prevents states from establishing or maintaining stronger or broader measures to fight impunity. III. General measures for the prevention of impunity 1. In order to avoid loopholes or legal gaps contributing to impunity: ff States should take all necessary measures to comply with their obligations under the Convention to adopt criminal law provisions to effectively punish serious human rights violations through adequate penalties. These provisions should be applied by the appropriate executive and judicial authorities in a coherent and non-discriminatory manner. ff States should provide for the possibility of disciplinary proceedings against state officials. ff In the same manner, states should provide a mechanism involving criminal and disciplinary measures in order to sanction behaviour and practice within state authorities which lead to impunity for serious human rights violations. 2. States – including their officials and representatives – should publicly condemn serious human rights’ violations. 3. States should elaborate policies and take practical measures to prevent and combat an institutional culture within their authorities which promotes impunity. Such measures should include: ff promoting a culture of respect for human rights and systematic work for the implementation of human rights at the national level; ff establishing or reinforcing appropriate training and control mechanisms; ff introducing anti-corruption policies; ff making the relevant authorities aware of their obligations, including taking necessary measures, with regard to preventing impunity, and establishing appropriate sanctions for the failure to uphold those obligations; ff conducting a policy of zero-tolerance of serious human rights violations; Appendices ► Page 121