ff providing information to the public concerning violations and the authorities’ response to these violations; ff preserving archives and facilitating appropriate access to them through applicable mechanisms. 4. States should establish and publicise clear procedures for reporting allegations of serious human rights violations, both within their authorities and for the general public. States should ensure that such reports are received and effectively dealt with by the competent authorities. 5. States should take measures to encourage reporting by those who are aware of serious human rights violations. They should, where appropriate, take measures to ensure that those who report such violations are protected from any harassment and reprisals. 6. States should establish plans and policies to counter discrimination that may lead to serious human rights violations and to impunity for such acts and their recurrence. 7. States should also establish mechanisms to ensure the integrity and accountability of their agents. States should remove from office individuals who have been found, by a competent authority, to be responsible for serious human rights violations or for furthering or tolerating impunity, or adopt other appropriate disciplinary measures. States should notably develop and institutionalise codes of conduct. IV. Safeguards to protect persons deprived of their liberty from serious human rights violations 1. States must provide adequate guarantees to persons deprived of their liberty by a public authority, in order to prevent any unlawful detention or ill-treatment, and ensure that any unlawful detention or ill‑treatment does not go unpunished. In particular, persons deprived of their liberty should be provided with the following guarantees: ff the right to inform, or to have informed, a third party of his or her choice of their deprivation of liberty, their location and of any transfers; ff the right to have access to a lawyer; ff the right to have access to a medical doctor. Persons deprived of their liberty should be expressly informed without delay about all their rights, including those listed above. Any possibility for the Effective investigation of ill-treatment – Guidelines ► Page 122